Three-dimensional graphene nanoribbons as a framework for molecular assembly and local probe chemistry

2022

IJMS

A post-nanotechnology concept has been assigned to an emerging concept, nanoarchitectonics. Nanoarchitectonics aims to establish a discipline in which functional materials are fabricated from nano-scale components such as atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials using various techniques. Nanoarchitectonics opens ways to form a more unified paradigm by integrating nanotechnology with organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, material chemistry, microfabrication technology, and biotechnology. On the other hand, biological systems consist of rational organization of constituent molecules. Their structures have highly asymmetric and hierarchical features that allow for chained functional coordination, signal amplification, and vector-like energy and signal flow. The process of nanoarchitectonics is based on the premise of combining several different processes, which makes it easier to obtain a hierarchical structure. Therefore, nanoarchitectonics is a more suitable methodology for creating highly functional systems based on structural asymmetry and hierarchy like biosystems. The creation of functional materials by nanoarchitectonics is somewhat similar to the creation of functional systems in biological systems. It can be said that the goal of nanoarchitectonics is to create highly functional systems similar to those found in biological systems. This review article summarizes the synthesis of biomimetic and biological molecules and their functional structure formation from various viewpoints, from the molecular level to the cellular level. Several recent examples are arranged and categorized to illustrate such a trend with sections of (i) synthetic nanoarchitectonics for bio-related units, (ii) self-assembly nanoarchitectonics with bio-related units, (iii) nanoarchitectonics with nucleic acids, (iv) nanoarchitectonics with peptides, (v) nanoarchitectonics with proteins, and (vi) bio-related nanoarchitectonics in conjugation with materials.

Section: Synthetic Nanoarchitectonics For Bio-related Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic and Biological Nanoarchitectonics

2022

IJMS

“…Organic syntheses are mediated through molecular manipulations using the tip of probe microscopes that is called local probe chemistry. In a recent example reported by Kawai et al, three-dimensional graphene nanoribbons were first prepared by on-surface chemical reaction and tip-induced debromination with substitution reaction were demonstrated (Figure 10) [80]. The debromination process resulted In more advanced approaches to organic molecular nanoarchitectonics, tip-induced reactions have been investigated.…”

Section: Atom/molecular-level Nanoarchitectonics Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Molecular Nanoarchitectonics and Materials Nanoarchitectonics

2021

Molecules

Although various synthetic methodologies including organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and materials science are the main contributors to the production of functional materials, the importance of regulation of nanoscale structures for better performance has become clear with recent science and technology developments. Therefore, a new research paradigm to produce functional material systems from nanoscale units has to be created as an advancement of nanoscale science. This task is assigned to an emerging concept, nanoarchitectonics, which aims to produce functional materials and functional structures from nanoscale unit components. This can be done through combining nanotechnology with the other research fields such as organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, materials science, and bio-related science. In this review article, the basic-level of nanoarchitectonics is first presented with atom/molecular-level structure formations and conversions from molecular units to functional materials. Then, two typical application-oriented nanoarchitectonics efforts in energy-oriented applications and bio-related applications are discussed. Finally, future directions of the molecular and materials nanoarchitectonics concepts for advancement of functional nanomaterials are briefly discussed.

“…One significant example was recently demonstrated by Kawai and co‐workers who realized site‐specific substitution of Br atoms by a fullerene molecule with an SPM tip at a graphene 3D nanotape on a Au(111) surface ( Figure ). [ 58 ] Initially, Br atoms were removed from specific sites on the graphene nanotapes through moving the SPM tip to the vertical position (with interval of several hundred picometers) to the target Br atoms and applying a voltage of ≈2.5 V. Then, highly active unpaired electrons on carbon were resulted by the consequent Br atom removal. The activated unstable carbon sites were kept unreacted with the other substances at the surface at extremely low temperate under ultrahigh vacuum together with sterically advantageous 3D structures of the graphene nanotapes.…”

Section: Evolution From Atom/molecule To Materials With Nanoarchitectomentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoarchitectonics Revolution and Evolution: From Small Science to Big Technology

2020

Small Science

Along with the progresses of material syntheses, the importance of structural regulation is realized to rationally improve the efficiencies and specificities in target functions. Small science is necessary for advanced material systems. A novel concept, nanoarchitectonics, to combine nanotechnology with the other scientific disciplines to synthesize a functional material system with contributions of small objects, nano‐units, is recently proposed. Based on facts and knowledge in nanoscale objects explored by nanotechnology, functional material systems are constructed using nano‐units with the aid of the other research fields, such as organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, materials science, and biology. The introduction of nanoarchitectonics essences to material construction can produce unusual functional systems, such as brain‐like information processing based on atomic‐level reactions, diffusions, and aggregations. Probe‐tip‐mediated organic reactions are also possible with precise site selectivity. The coupling of equilibrium self‐assemblies and non‐equilibrium fabrication processes results in variously structured and hierarchical functional structures even from simple 0D nano‐units such as fullerenes. Especially, interfacial nanoarchitectonics directly bridge nanoscopic functions and macroscopic actions, including facile contact with nanostructures and living cells. This review article overviews nanoarchitectonics from origin to future, from atoms to materials, and from small science to big technology.