Three-dimensional effects of twin block therapy on pharyngeal airway parameters in Class II malocclusion patients

Elfeky, Hanem Younes; Fayed, Mona M. Salah

doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2015.06.001

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similarly, the most important limitation of this study is that the main diagnostic method was lateral teleradiography of the skull, which provides a two‐dimensional (2D) representation, but the UA is a 3D space, limiting the accuracy of the technique because 2D images only show the anteroposterior dimension in the sagittal plane rather than a complete view (Abdelkarim, ; Elfeky & Fayed, ; Li et al, ). However, lateral teleradiography of the skull is commonly used in routine clinical practice due to its relative simplicity, accessibility, low cost, and low radiation exposure (Feng et al, ; Rojas, Corvalán, Messen, & Sandoval, ; Santamaria‐Villegas, Manrique‐Hernandez, Alvarez‐Varela, & Restrepo‐Serna, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, lateral teleradiography of the skull is commonly used in routine clinical practice due to its relative simplicity, accessibility, low cost, and low radiation exposure (Feng et al, ; Rojas, Corvalán, Messen, & Sandoval, ; Santamaria‐Villegas, Manrique‐Hernandez, Alvarez‐Varela, & Restrepo‐Serna, ). Teleradiography remains a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating the airways (Ali et al, ; Elfeky & Fayed, ; Ghodke et al, ; Jena et al, ; Pavoni et al, ) and can be used to predict OSA (Armalaite & Lopatiene, ). Furthermore, this method has been shown to provide reliable linear measurements and is a valid tool for measuring the dimensions of the nasopharyngeal and retropalatal regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TB appliance is a functional device used for early treatment of children with Class II malocclusion that advances the jaw and stimulates jaw growth (Burhan & Nawaya, ; Clark, ; Sharma et al, ; Ysla et al, ). The appliance was developed by William J Clark in 1970 in Scotland and is currently one of the most common and popular functional appliances due to its effectiveness in correcting skeletal Class II malocclusion (Abdelkarim, ; Al‐Anezi, ; Brunharo et al, ; Burhan & Nawaya, ; Elfeky & Fayed, ; Ghodke et al, ; Li et al, ; Schaefer et al, ; Sharma et al, ; SuchitaTarvade et al, ; Verma et al, ; Zhang et al, ). The appliance is well accepted by patients and can produce rapid changes (Al‐Anezi, ; Elfeky & Fayed, ; Li et al, ; Li et al, ; Quintero & Mariaca, ; Zhang et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a dental perspective, the upper airway (UA) has received increasing attention in orthodontics (Elfeky & Fayed, ; Li et al, ). The anatomy and function of the nasopharyngeal airways are directly associated with craniofacial development (Ali, Shaikh, & Fida, ; Pavoni, Lombardo, Franchi, Lione, & Cozza, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of functional appliances to correct mandibular retrognathia is very common among orthodontists and is increasingly recommended as a treatment option for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA; Abdelkarim, ; Ali et al, , ; Caridi & Galluccio, ; Elfeky & Fayed, ; Maspero et al, ; Zhang et al, ). Previous studies have reported improvements in UA dimensions after functional therapy (Elfeky & Fayed, ; Ghodke et al, ; Maspero et al, ; Pavoni et al, ), with Twin Block (TB) being one of the most common and popular functional appliances due to its effectiveness in correcting skeletal Class II malocclusion (Abdelkarim, ; Al‐Anezi, ; Brunharo, Quintão, Almeida, Motta, & Barreto, ; Burhan & Nawaya, ; Elfeky & Fayed, ; Ghodke et al, ; Li et al, ; Schaefer, McNamara, Franchi, & Baccetti, ; Sharma, Sachdev, Singla, & Kirtaniya, ; SuchitaTarvade, Yamyar, Choudhari, & Biday, ; Verma, Tandon, Nagar, Singh, & Singh, ; Zhang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of changes in the upper airway after Twin Block treatment in patients with Class II malocclusion

Entrenas

González-Chamorro

Álvarez-Abad

et al. 2019

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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The purpose of this prospective case control study is to describe in growing patients with mandibular hypoplasia, treatment outcomes following functional therapy in terms of volumetric changes in nasopharynx and oropharynx, that is, upper and lower pharynx. We recruited 60 study participants aged between 8 and 12 years having mandibular Class II malocclusion and a reduced upper airway (UA) size, as determined by McNamara cephalometric analyses. Forty patients received Twin Block treatment, whereas the remaining 20 patients did not receive treatment, thus constituting the control group. The control group included patients who did not start treatment after their first visit but returned for a consultation one or 2 years later. All patients underwent an initial teleradiography examination of the skull and a final teleradiography examination to measure changes using McNamara cephalometric analysis of the UA. Pretreatment and posttreatment changes were assessed using Student's t test for independent samples with a significance level of 0.05. Both anatomical structures analyzed—the upper pharynx (nasopharynx) and lower pharynx (oropharynx)—showed significant increases after treatment regardless of whether the patients were boys or girls. The controls showed a decrease in UA size on average after approximately 2 years of growth. A clear relationship exists between the mandibular advancement achieved with TB treatment and an increased UA size. Therefore, the appliance is considered suitable for improving the respiratory quality of growing patients with a decreased UA size.

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