Three-dimensional echocardiography

Índice de dissincronia ventricular: comparação com a fração de ejeção bidimensional e tridimensional

“…Real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography is a novel method of structural and functional analysis of the heart that permits real-time three dimensional investigation of the heart without using ionizing radiation, and is highly reproducible and easy to obtain [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . It has a good cost-benefit ratio when compared with methods such as magnetic resonance imaging and also increases the possibility of identifying patients with advanced heart failure who can benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy using biventricular pacemaker implantation.…”

“…three-dimensional echocardiography [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . Three-dimensional echocardiography is more improved in relation to twodimensional echocardiography because it is not based on geometric inferences for the calculation of volumes of cardiac chambers, ventricular mass, and left ventricular ejection fraction, considering a limited number of observation planes [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”

O ecocardiograma na terapia de ressincronização cardíaca

“…The sigma represents the standard deviation of the mean end-systolic contraction time of each segment compared to global end-systolic contraction (a lower index indicates lower dyssynchrony); a value of less than 8% is considered normal. The disadvantage of this method is the low number of frames [33][34][35] . New techniques have been developed to evaluate intraventricular dyssynchrony, such as the two-dimensional strain, in which a computer software analyzes the deformation suffered by the muscle in two dimensions and not only toward the Doppler [36][37][38] beam.…”

Fração de ejeção e volumes do ventrículo esquerdo medidos com eco 3D e com tomografia ultra-rápida

“…Nonetheless, two-dimensional echocardiography, which is currently the most frequently used technique for the structural analysis of the heart, has limitations regarding the observation of the cardiac anatomy. This is due to the geometric assumptions for the calculation of cardiac diameters and volumes taken from a limited number of observation planes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Greater anatomical divergence occurs in the presence of cardiac chamber dilatation.…”