Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modeling of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer with new flow field pattern

Toghyani, Somayeh; Afshari, Ebrahim; Baniasadi, Ehsan

doi:10.1007/s10973-018-7236-5

Cited by 46 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This is due to the sudden redirection of fluids and the friction between the fluids and the channel wall. 44 The pressures of fluctuating patterns before and after B2 and B3 are quite similar. The peaks and troughs almost occurred at the same time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Based on the pressure drop before and after squared B1–B3 in Figure , the static pressure before a bend is always higher than the static pressure after a bend. This is due to the sudden redirection of fluids and the friction between the fluids and the channel wall . The pressures of fluctuating patterns before and after B2 and B3 are quite similar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Bubble Behavior in a Zero-Gap Alkaline Water Electrolyzer Flow Channel

Wong

Zhuo

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Bubble resistance remains a significant issue in alkaline water electrolyzers including emerging zero-gap alkaline water electrolyzers, and the understanding of bubble behavior and its influences in the flow channel of these electrolyzers is still limited. In this paper, bubble behavior in a milliscale flow channel is analyzed using a three-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics model. The model is validated in terms of bubble shape and velocity against experimental data. The simulation results illustrate the flow regimes and slug formation process in the flow channel. The probability distribution histograms of the bubble volume of each flow regime are shown. The mean bubble volume increased from 0.027 mm 3 at bubbly flow to 0.341 mm 3 at slug flow. The bubble influences are analyzed in terms of flow velocity, pressure drop, and mass flux of the electrolyte. It is found that bubble slugs can decrease the mass flux of the electrolyte from 400 kg/ m 2 •s to less than 50 kg/m 2 •s in the channel under the simulation conditions. The flow around squared and rounded bends of single serpentine flow channels has been studied and compared in terms of velocity and pressure drop. A rounded bend has a less lowvelocity region and has 13% higher pressure stability than the squared bend under the simulation conditions. This model offers a cost-effective tool to understand and optimize the bubble resistance in electrolyzers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Bubble Behavior in a Zero-Gap Alkaline Water Electrolyzer Flow Channel

Wong

Zhuo

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…These models demonstrated a capability to characterize twophase flow in PEMWE devices, but they did not resolve current distributions. Toghyani et al 13,14 applied CFD to study high-temperature, gas-phase water electrolyzers, obtaining current distributions and fair agreement with experimental data. However, these models, as intended for their purposes, did not include water in the liquid phase, so effects of phase composition were not considered.…”

Section: List Of Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Resolving Anodic Current and Temperature Distributions in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis Cell Using a Pseudo-Two-Phase Computational Fluid Dynamics Model

Lopata

Kang

Young

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Expanding upon our prior experimental work, we constructed a three-dimensional model of a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer using computational fluid dynamics. We applied the assumption of pseudo-two-phase flow, the flow of two phases with equal velocity. Experimental data were used to obtain parameters and to determine the conditions under which this model was valid. Anodic distributions of current density, temperature, liquid saturation, and relative humidity were obtained at various flow rates. The overall current density and temperature difference from inlet to outlet at the anode agreed strongly with experimental measurements under most circumstances. This verification allowed us to further examine the apparent gas coverage calculated from experimental and model temperature data. Results suggested a low liquid saturation and low relative humidity at the anode due to the consumption of liquid water and water vapor. However, we questioned the accuracy of the pseudo-two-phase assumption at low water feed rates. We concluded that the model was applicable to systems with liquid water feed rates greater than 0.6 ml min −1 cm −2 . Therefore, it is a fair screening method that can advise which operating conditions lead to excessive temperatures or drying at the anode, thereby promoting the longevity of the membrane and catalyst.

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“…The authors showed that serpentine flow-fields with a varying number of flow channels caused an improved electrochemical performance and lower temperatures compared with a parallel flow-field [31]. They also explored the use of metal foam as a flow-field material and concluded that the electrochemical performance of a PEMWE could be improved by this [81], and modelled the flow through a novel, spiral flow-field geometry [82].…”

Section: Two-phase Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass transport in PEM water electrolysers: A review

Maier

Smith

Dodwell

et al. 2022

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

101

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Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modeling of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer with new flow field pattern

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Bubble Behavior in a Zero-Gap Alkaline Water Electrolyzer Flow Channel

Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Bubble Behavior in a Zero-Gap Alkaline Water Electrolyzer Flow Channel

Resolving Anodic Current and Temperature Distributions in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis Cell Using a Pseudo-Two-Phase Computational Fluid Dynamics Model

Mass transport in PEM water electrolysers: A review

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