Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Applications for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

The skeletal system is a key support structure within the body. Bones have unique abilities to grow and regenerate after injury. Some injuries or degeneration of the tissues cannot rebound and must be repaired by the implantation of foreign objects following injury or disease. This process is invasive and does not always improve the quality of life of the patient. New techniques have arisen that can improve bone replacement or repair. 3D bioprinting employs a printer capable of printing biological materials in multiple directions. 3D bioprinting potentially requires multiple steps and additional support structures, which may include the use of hydrogels for scaffolding. In this review, we discuss normal bone physiology and pathophysiology and how bioprinting can be adapted to further the field of bone tissue engineering.

Investigation of Liquid Collagen Ink for Three-Dimensional Printing

“…Research on the bioprinting of type I collagen has focused on hard tissue applications [17,18] such as the bone, teeth, and spine where the mechanical properties play a key role. Bone regeneration fails once it reaches a critical size defect; thus, 3D printing with collagen inks for hard tissue repair is a growing area of research.…”

Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair

“…The ultimate goal of tissue engineering strategies applied in bone regeneration and repair is their successful translation into clinical practice [ 12 ]. Several challenges must be addressed for effective clinical implementation, including scalability, standardization, and regulatory approval [ 13 ]. Manufacturing processes should allow the production of tissue-engineered constructs in large quantities while maintaining their quality and reproducibility.…”