Three‐Dimensional Bi‐Chiral Photonic Crystals

Thiel, Michael; Rill, Michael Stefan; Freymann, Georg von; Wegener, Martin

doi:10.1002/adma.200901601

Cited by 97 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Recently, using the focused ion beam-induced deposition (FIBID) technology, it has been possible to reach a broadband CD in the near-infrared optical region reducing the helix dimension to submicron size 22 . Wide band circular dichroic properties in the visible range were also demonstrated by planar stacked structures 15 , while 3D bichiral photonic crystals 23,24 , thought to limit the dependence of chiral effects on structure orientation, lead to the reduction of the infrared bandwidth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Triple-helical nanowires by tomographic rotatory growth for chiral photonics

et al. 2015

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Three dimensional helical chiral metamaterials resulted in effective manipulation of circularly polarized light in the visible infrared for advanced nanophotonics. Their potentialities are severely limited by the lack of full rotational symmetry preventing broadband operation, high signal-to-noise ratio and inducing high optical activity sensitivity to structure orientation. Complex intertwined three dimensional structures such as multiple-helical nanowires could overcome these limitations, allowing the achievement of several chiro-optical effects combining chirality and isotropy. Here we report three dimensional triple-helical nanowires, engineered by the innovative tomographic rotatory growth, on the basis of focused ion beam-induced deposition. These three dimensional nanostructures show up to 37% of circular dichroism in a broad range (500-1,000 nm), with a high signal-to-noise ratio (up to 24 dB). Optical activity of up to 8°only due to the circular birefringence is also shown, tracing the way towards chiral photonic devices that can be integrated in optical nanocircuits to modulate the visible light polarization.

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confidence: 99%

Triple-helical nanowires by tomographic rotatory growth for chiral photonics

et al. 2015

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“…Many micro/nano fabrication techniques featuring 3D structures that could be applied to photonic and MMs have been developed in recent years. These techniques include layer-by-layer stacking 3,14,15 , structural rolling 16,17 , shadow evaporation 18 , multilayer electroplating 19 , membrane projection lithography 20,21 , stress-driven assembly 22 , direct laser writing 8,[23][24][25][26][27][28] , and ion-beam irradiation [29][30][31] . However, effective fabrication of nanoscale 3D plasmonic structures that can be spatially oriented with a hierarchical geometry remains challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directly patterned substrate-free plasmonic “nanograter” structures with unusual Fano resonances

et al. 2015

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The application of three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructures as metamaterials (MMs), nano-antennas, and other devices faces challenges in producing metallic nanostructures with easily definable orientations, sophisticated shapes, and smooth surfaces that are operational in the optical regime and beyond. Here, we demonstrate that complex 3D nanostructures can be readily achieved with focused-ion-beam irradiation-induced folding and examine the optical characteristics of plasmonic ''nanograter'' structures that are composed of free-standing Au films. These 3D nanostructures exhibit interesting 3D hybridization in current flows and exhibit unusual and well-scalable Fano resonances at wavelengths ranging from 1.6 to 6.4 mm. Upon the introduction of liquids of various refractive indices to the structures, a strong dependence of the Fano resonance is observed, with spectral sensitivities of 1400 nm and 2040 nm per refractive index unit under figures of merit of 35.0 and 12.5, respectively, for low-order and high-order resonance in the near-infrared region. This work indicates the exciting, increasing relevance of similarly constructed 3D free-standing nanostructures in the research and development of photonics and MMs.

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“…We show by simulation and experiment that our structure deflects LCP and RCP beams into different directions. Interestingly, our approach is conceptually different from previous methods for distinguishing LCP from RCP that made use of chiral structures, for example, see refs [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. By contrast, our device is achiral and possesses neither intrinsic [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] nor extrinsic 27,28 chirality (see Supplementary Fig.…”

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confidence: 71%

“…This has led to intense interest in the development of plasmonic and photonic nanostructures that achieve this aim. Thus far, these have largely comprised devices with circular dichroism and optical activity [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . The former refers to differences in absorption between LCP and RCP.…”

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confidence: 99%

Silicon nanofin grating as a miniature chirality-distinguishing beam-splitter

2014

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The polarization of light plays a central role in its interaction with matter, in situations ranging from familiar (for example, reflection and transmission at an interface) to sophisticated (for example, nonlinear optics). Polarization control is therefore pivotal for many optical systems, and achieved using bulk devices such as wave-plates and beam-splitters. The move towards optical system miniaturization therefore motivates the development of micro-and nanostructures for polarization control. For such control to be complete, one must distinguish not only between linear polarizations, but also between left-and right-circular polarizations. Some previous works used surface plasmons to this end, but these are inherently lossy. Other works used complex-layered structures. Here we demonstrate a planar dielectric chirality-distinguishing beam-splitter. The beam-splitter consists of amorphous silicon nanofins on a glass substrate and deflects left-and right-circularly polarized beams into different directions. Contrary to intuitive expectations, we utilize an achiral architecture to realize a chiral beam-splitting functionality.

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Three‐Dimensional Bi‐Chiral Photonic Crystals

Cited by 97 publications

References 16 publications

Triple-helical nanowires by tomographic rotatory growth for chiral photonics

Triple-helical nanowires by tomographic rotatory growth for chiral photonics

Directly patterned substrate-free plasmonic “nanograter” structures with unusual Fano resonances

Silicon nanofin grating as a miniature chirality-distinguishing beam-splitter

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