Three-dimensional analysis of the rectifying properties of geometrically asymmetric metal-vacuum-metal junctions treated as an oscillating barrier

Mayer, A.; Chung, M. S.; Weiss, Brandon; Miskovsky, N. M.; Cutler, P.H.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.78.205404

Cited by 19 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In contrast the transfer-matrix technique presented in previous work for the consideration of three-dimensional problems [16][17][18][19][20][21] involves the manipulation of large matrices, which requires more significant computational resources. ͑2͒ and ͑3͒ diagonal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Exact solutions for the field electron emission achieved from a flat metal using the standard Fowler–Nordheim equation with a correction factor that accounts for the electric field, the work function, and the Fermi energy of the emitter

Mayer¹

2011

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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Exact solutions for the field electron emission achieved from a flat metal using the standard Fowler-Nordheim equation with a correction factor that accounts for the electric field, the work function, and the Fermi energy of the emitter The author uses a transfer-matrix technique to simulate field electron emission from a flat metal. The author compares in particular the results provided by this numerical scheme with those predicted by the standard Fowler-Nordheim equation. This comparison aims at establishing the influence of different approximations introduced in the standard Fowler-Nordheim theory ͑in particular the use of the Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation for evaluating the transmission coefficient of the surface barrier and the series expansion of this coefficient when integrating over the normal-energy distribution of the incident electrons͒. In addition to the field and work function considered in previous work, the author explores the dependence of the emission current on the Fermi energy of the emitter. This physical parameter, which is related to the density of free carriers in the emitter, does not appear in the final form of the standard Fowler-Nordheim equation. It is therefore discarded from most analysis of field-emission data. The author shows, however, by a series of arguments that the emission currents are affected by the Fermi energy of the emitter. The author finally establishes a correction factor to be used with the Murphy-Good expression that accounts for the field, for the work function, and for the Fermi energy of the emitter and provides the exact solution for the emission achieved from a flat metal. A. Mayer: Exact solutions for the field electron emission achieved from a flat metal 021803-2 021803-2 A. Mayer: Exact solutions for the field electron emission achieved from a flat metal 021803-5 021803-5 JVST B -Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Redistribution subject to AVS license or copyright; see http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Download to IP: 130.113.69.48 On: Fri, 28 Nov 2014 23:15:07 A. Mayer: Exact solutions for the field electron emission achieved from a flat metal 021803-6 021803-6 A. Mayer: Exact solutions for the field electron emission achieved from a flat metal 021803-7 021803-7 JVST B -Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Redistribution subject to AVS license or copyright; see http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. Download to IP: 130.113.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Referring to previous work for technical details, 16,17 the result is given by The coefficients S ͑i,j͒,͑i,j͒ ++ and S ͑i,j͒,͑i,j͒ −+ provide the amplitudes of the transmitted and reflected states for the incident state ⌿ i,j I,+ in region I.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exact solutions for the field electron emission achieved from a flat metal using the standard Fowler–Nordheim equation with a correction factor that accounts for the electric field, the work function, and the Fermi energy of the emitter

Mayer¹

2011

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] This rectification results from the application of oscillating potentials to these junctions, which will induce the circulation of currents with a strong dc component if the materials can respond to these oscillating potentials. [1][2][3][4][5] This rectification results from the application of oscillating potentials to these junctions, which will induce the circulation of currents with a strong dc component if the materials can respond to these oscillating potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the efficiency with which geometrically asymmetric metal–vacuum–metal junctions can be used for the rectification of infrared and optical radiations

Mayer

Chung

Lerner

et al. 2012

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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Articles you may be interested inClassical and quantum responsivities of geometrically asymmetric metal-vacuum-metal junctions used for the rectification of infrared and optical radiations Efficient optical coupling into metal-insulator-metal plasmon modes with subwavelength diffraction gratings Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 113109 (2008); 10.1063/1.2898509Consideration of switching mechanism of binary metal oxide resistive junctions using a thermal reaction model Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 033503 (2007); 10.1063/1.2431792 Schottky emission at the metal polymer interface and its effecton the polarization switching of ferroelectric poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer thin films Asymmetry and rectification in the tunnel current of a nanometer-sized metal-conjugated polymer-metal junctionThe authors simulate the rectification properties of geometrically asymmetric metal-vacuum-metal junctions in which one of the metals is flat while the other is extended by a sharp tip. The authors analyze, in particular, the efficiency with which the energy of incident radiations, with frequencies in the infrared through the visible, is transferred to the electrons that cross the junction. This timedependent electronic scattering problem is solved by using a transfer-matrix methodology. In order to validate this technique, the results achieved by using this quantum-mechanical scheme are compared with those provided by models that are based on extrapolations of static current-voltage data. The authors then discuss concepts that are relevant to the efficiency with which energy is converted in these junctions. The authors finally analyze how this efficiency is affected by the amplitude and the angular frequency of the potentials that are induced in these junctions, the work function of the metallic contacts and the spacing between these contacts.

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“…Another practical aspect also refers to the fabrication of extremely tiny nanometer structures such as that described by Mayer et al [36], who propose a metal-vacuum-metal tunneling diode structure able to rectify wavelengths up to green light with high efficiency!The structure relies on a metal tip protruding in the vacuum opposite a flat anode. The fabrication of such a device with the available technology is a big challenge, although there are ongoing trials on this matter at an experimental scale.…”

Section: Nano Transfer Printmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be a challenging task, particularly, with small components whose dimensions are in the nm range. Although there are some promising prototypes efficiency-wise [36], which involves a vacuum clearance at the nanometer scale between the diode electrodes, realizing them in practice is a real challenge. Moreover, there are some prototypes whose I(V) behavior becomes distorted with respect to simulation because of fabrication inaccuracies as reported by Conley and Alimardini [37].…”

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confidence: 99%

THz Rectennas and Their Design Rules

2017

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Abstract:The increasing demand for more efficient energy harvesting solutions has urged research for better harvesting solutions than the presently-available ones. While p-n junction solar cells have become commercially widespread, they are expensive and suffer from poor efficiency figures hardly reaching 20%. Other radiation-electricity converters such as rectennas have a theoretical limit in excess of 80%. However, no efficient rectenna solution for the terahertz frequency band has been commercialized or presented in the academic literature. In fact, there are many obstructions to an efficient solution. The aim of this paper is to address the key points towards an efficient and commercially-available solution by briefly reviewing the relevant literature and so identifying five factors that should be addressed in order to reach an efficient solution.

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Three-dimensional analysis of the rectifying properties of geometrically asymmetric metal-vacuum-metal junctions treated as an oscillating barrier

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Exact solutions for the field electron emission achieved from a flat metal using the standard Fowler–Nordheim equation with a correction factor that accounts for the electric field, the work function, and the Fermi energy of the emitter

Exact solutions for the field electron emission achieved from a flat metal using the standard Fowler–Nordheim equation with a correction factor that accounts for the electric field, the work function, and the Fermi energy of the emitter

Analysis of the efficiency with which geometrically asymmetric metal–vacuum–metal junctions can be used for the rectification of infrared and optical radiations

THz Rectennas and Their Design Rules

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