2002
DOI: 10.1250/ast.23.207
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Three-dimensional acoustic field in vocal-tract.

Abstract: Recent developments in observation techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging allow us to obtain an accurate description of the vocal-tract shape. It is thus possible to perform analyses of the acoustic characteristics of three-dimensional vocal-tracts at higher frequencies where the assumption of plane wave propagation does not hold. Historical and conventional one-dimensional models of vocal-tracts are briefly described followed by recent knowledge of the acoustic characteristics of three-dimensional voca… Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…This downward shift of the formant frequencies is in line with the observations reported by Motoki (2002) and also contradicts the analytical results obtained by Sondhi (1983) for bent rectangular tubes of constant cross-section, which presented some upward shifts compared to straight configurations. The differences in wavefront curvature between straight and bent vocal tracts may be a possible explanation for the observed deviations.…”
Section: Effects Of Bending With Different Cross-sectional Shapessupporting
confidence: 67%
“…This downward shift of the formant frequencies is in line with the observations reported by Motoki (2002) and also contradicts the analytical results obtained by Sondhi (1983) for bent rectangular tubes of constant cross-section, which presented some upward shifts compared to straight configurations. The differences in wavefront curvature between straight and bent vocal tracts may be a possible explanation for the observed deviations.…”
Section: Effects Of Bending With Different Cross-sectional Shapessupporting
confidence: 67%
“…Generating diphthongs requires solving the wave equation in a human vocal tract that evolves from the shape, say for instance of vowel /a/, to the shape of vowel /i/, thus producing the sound /ai/. It is to be noted that for the numerical generation of vowels and diphthongs the acoustic pressure is the variable of interest, so most works to date concerning the generation of vowels directly deal with the FEM solution of the irreducible wave equation [10,11,12,13,14], or with its time Fourier counterpart, the Helmholtz equation [15,16,17,18]. Occasionally, the wave equation in mixed form has also been solved [19].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Only some small discrepancies have been found for vowel [u] (see fourth formant), which might be reduced increasing the number of crosssections. As far as the high frequency content is concerned, larger differences are observed for all the vowels, as this frequency range is more sensitive to small variations in the vocal tract shape (see e.g., [19,28]). Again, these may be reduced by increasing the number of cross-sections.…”
Section: Vowels [A] [I] and [U]mentioning
confidence: 99%