Three-component seismic land streamer study of an esker architecture through S- and surface-wave imaging

Abstract

We deployed a newly developed 3C microelectromechanical system-based seismic land streamer over porous glacial sediments to delineate water table and bedrock in Southwestern Finland. The seismic source used was a 500 kg vertical impact drop hammer. We analyzed the SH-wave component and interpreted it together with previously analyzed P-wave component data. In addition to this, we examined the land streamer’s potential for multichannel analysis of surface waves and delineated the site’s stratigraphy with surface-wave-derived S-wave velocities and [Formula: see text] ratios along the entire profile. These S-wave velocities and [Formula: see text] ratios complement the interpretation conducted previously on P-wave stacked section. Peculiarly, although the seismic source used is of a vertical-type nature, the data inspection indicated clear bedrock reflection on the horizontal components, particularly the transverse component. This observation led us to scrutinize the horizontal component data through side-by-side inspection of the shot records of all the three components and particle motion analysis to confirm the S-wave nature of the reflection. Using the apparent moveout velocity of the reflection, as well as the known depth to bedrock based on drilling, we used finite-difference synthetic modeling to further verify its nature. Compared with the P-wave seismic section, bedrock is relatively well delineated on the transverse component S-wave section. Some structures connected to the kettle holes and other stratigraphic units imaged on the P-wave results were also notable on the S-wave section, and particularly on the surface-wave derived S-wave velocity model and [Formula: see text] ratios. Our results indicate that P-, SV-, and SH-wave energy is generated simultaneously at the source location itself. This study demonstrates the potential of 3C seismic for characterization and delineation of the near-surface seismics.

Seismic imaging using an e-vib — A case study analyzing the signal properties of a seismic vibrator driven by electric linear synchronous motors

“…All nodes were connected to 4.5 Hz, either 1C or 3C geophones (every second station). The second portion of the spread involved deploying a 3C MEMS-based seismic landstreamer (Brodic et al, 2015(Brodic et al, , 2018Malehmir et al, 2015b;Malehmir et al, 2017) Hz with a peak force of 6.7 kN with an additional 5 s listening time was used. Every vibrating point consisted of two sweeps that were vertically stacked to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Geotechnical site characterization using multichannel analysis of surface waves: A case study of an area prone to quick‐clay landslides in southwest Sweden

“…Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) is one of the most applied non-invasive geophysical methods to obtain near-surface VS models. The combination of VS with other types of geophysical or geotechnical data can allow a more complete site characterisation (Boiero et al 2013;Brodic et al 2018;Malehmir et al 2016;Sauvin et al 2014) compared to using single datasets. VS together with P-wave velocity (VP) and density can infer other geotechnical parameters, such as shear modulus, bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio, relevant, for example, for landslide characterisation and engineering purposes (Israil and Pachauri 2003;Konstantaki et al 2013;Petronio et al 2016;Stokoe et al 1994;Uhlemann et al 2016).…”

“…2016; Brodic et al . 2018) compared with using single data sets. V S together with P‐wave velocity ( V P ) and density can infer other geotechnical parameters, such as shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio, relevant, for example, for landslide characterization and engineering purposes (Israil and Pachauri 2003; Konstantaki et al .…”

Near‐surface three‐dimensional multicomponent source and receiver S‐wave survey in the Tannwald Basin, Germany: Acquisition and data processing

“…vertical-component source and vertical-component receiver data have been employed to investigate glacial structures to depths of several hundred metres with a vertical resolution of a few to several metres (Büker et al, 1998;Buness, 2007;Pugin et al, 2009Pugin et al, , 2013Burschil et al, 2018Burschil et al, , 2019. In the last decades, paralleling the application in the exploration industry (e.g., Hardage et al, 2011), the application of S-wave imaging has become popular for near-surface studies (e.g., Inazaki, 2004;Pugin et al, 2009;Lang et al, 2012;Krawczyk et al, 2013;Brodic et al, 2018). S-waves are characterized by particles oscillating perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation and, thus, can be split in two independent polarizations.…”