Three Component Composite Scaffolds Based on PCL, Hydroxyapatite, and L-Lysine Obtained in TIPS-SL: Bioactive Material for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

In this research, we describe the properties of three-component composite foam scaffolds based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as a matrix and hydroxyapatite whiskers (HAP) and L-Lysine as fillers (PCL/HAP/Lys with wt% ratio 50/48/2). The scaffolds were prepared using a thermally induced phase separation technique supported by salt leaching (TIPS-SL). All materials were precisely characterized: porosity, density, water uptake, wettability, DSC, and TGA measurements and compression tests were carried out. The microstructure of the obtained scaffolds was analyzed via SEM. It was found that the PCL/HAP/Lys scaffold has a 45% higher Young’s modulus and better wettability compared to the PCL/HAP system. At the same time, the porosity of the system was ~90%. The osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell response was also investigated in osteogenic conditions (39 °C) and the cytokine release profile of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was determined. Modification of PCL scaffolds with HAP and L-Lysine significantly improved the proliferation of pre-osteoblasts cultured on such materials.

Studies of New Layer Formation on the Surface of Zinc Doped Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite Coatings in Biological Medium

“…The results are in good agreement with previously reported studies [51][52][53] regarding the biological properties of materials based on zinc ions and hydroxyapatite on human osteoblast cells MG-63 [50], mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose (MSCs) [44], and MRC-5 fibroblast cells [45]. More than that, in their study, Thian et al [44] reported that the presence of zinc ions in the structure of hydroxyapatite influenced the bioactivity properties of HAp.…”

Studies of the Tarragon Essential Oil Effects on the Characteristics of Doped Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Biocomposites

“…In recentyears, due to the increase in pathological conditions of bones, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were highly employed in the treatment of these conditions [44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. For this purpose, over the years, extensive studies were undergone regarding the employment of biocompatible and bioresorbable materials with enhanced biological properties and having controllable degradation and resorption properties in the development of new devices for bone treatment [45,48].…”

Effect of calcination on physicochemical and biological properties of ion-modified nanohydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering applications

“…In contrast, the concentrations of OC and IL-6 in the culture media of hFOB 1.19 were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The sensitivity of ELISA test for OC and IL-6 was 156.5 pg/mL and 9.38 pg/mL, respectively [32].…”

“…To assess the hFOB 1.19 osteoconductive potential, osteoblasts were grown in the milieu of a particular nanoHAP under osteoinductive conditions (39°C; differentiation medium: DMEM F-12 without phenol red, with 1% bovine serum, containing G148 geneticin and stimulants: β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and the addition of the tested samples at a concentration of 5 mg/mL). As previously described, at the de ned time points (7, 14, 21, and 28 days), the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cell proliferation, and the release of osteocalcin (OC) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quanti ed [31,32]. Brie y, cell proliferation was evaluated based on DNA quanti cation by CyQuant® assay (Thermo Fisher Scienti c).…”