Threat for human beings due to touch voltages and body currents caused by direct lightning strikes in case of non-isolated lightning protection systems using natural components

Kern, Alexander; Vashiani, Anahita Imani; Timmermanns, Tobias

doi:10.1109/iclpandsipda54065.2021.9627465

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Previous investigation [17] has shown that the 30/80 μs impulse current satisfies all of the parameters required in the ARP 5412. Additionally, the range of the charge transfer of 30/80 μs impulse current with amplitude between 20 and 200 kA conforms to the statistical charge transfer distribution of the lightning first return stroke current in natural negative ground flashes, which account for more than 90% of the total natural ground flashes [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The ablation damage of steel caused by direct lightning current is key to the protection of oil-storage tanks and has been widely investigated. Ablation tests on steel sheets with simulated lightning currents are recognized to be the most valid methods of investigations on the ablation damage of steel [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The widely adopted four components of the simulated lightning currents applied in ablation tests, which have been stipulated by the society of automobile engineers in the Aerospace Recommended Practice 5412 (ARP 5412) according to the characteristics of natural lightning currents [14,15], are the first return stroke current, the intermediate current, the continuing current and the subsequent stroke current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widely adopted four components of the simulated lightning currents applied in ablation tests, which have been stipulated by the society of automobile engineers in the Aerospace Recommended Practice 5412 (ARP 5412) according to the characteristics of natural lightning currents [14,15], are the first return stroke current, the intermediate current, the continuing current and the subsequent stroke current. As required by the ARP 5412, the maximum amplitude and action integral of the first return stroke current should be 200 kA and 2×10 6 A 2 s, respectively, while the waveform of the current is not specified. The impulse current with waveform of 30/80 μs was first put forward in the international electrotechnical commission standard to test the lightning arresters applied in the zones with high lightning intensity [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In existing literatures, ablation characteristics of steel under the simulated lightning currents are mainly evaluated by the macroscopic characteristics on the steel sheet surface, such as the surface morphology observed with bare eyes and the size of the damaged zone with accuracy in millimeter scale [4,6,12,13,17]. The experimental results of Kern et al [6] have shown that the surface of the damaged zone, which is caused by the simulated lightning first return stroke current, is covered with splashed steel spattering. And the diameter of the damaged zone is larger than that caused by other components of simulated lightning currents [6,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation on ablation characteristics of coated and uncoated steel under 30/80μs impulse current

Dai¹,

Liu²,

Fu³

et al. 2019

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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The ablation tests on coated and uncoated Q235B steel sheets were conducted under 30/80 μs impulse current simulating the lightning first return stroke current, aimed at further understanding the ablation characteristics of steel and investigating the impact of anti-corrosion coating on these characteristics. Ablation characteristics were investigated through the macroscopic morphology and x-ray diffraction patterns on the surface of damaged zones, the microstructure and micro Vickers hardness on the cross-section of damaged zones, and the maximum rear-face temperature of sample sheets. It can be concluded that the ablation areas of uncoated sheet consist of the melted layer and the heat-affect layer. These ablation areas include not only the area ablated directly by the arc root, of which the depth is deeper, but also the area forming due to the splashing of molten steel, of which the depth is shallower and decreases when the area's distance from the arc attachment point increases. For coated sheet, coating materials have decomposed and evaporated forming an ablation pit on the sheet surface, in which the steel surface is exposed, and zinc filler of coating primer has infused into the exposed surface. The ablation diameter of uncoated sheet relates to the amplitude of the 30/80 μs impulse current in quadratic function, while for coated sheet, the relation is linear. In general, under the 30/80 μs impulse current, the coating can decrease the energy injected from the arc to the steel sheet and reduce the melting and splashing of steel. As a result, the ablation severity of uncoated sheet is severer than that of coated sheet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental investigation on ablation characteristics of coated and uncoated steel under 30/80μs impulse current

Dai¹,

Liu²,

Fu³

et al. 2019

Plasma Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Touch voltage is the voltage between an object being touched and a point 1 meter away, assuming that the object being touched is connected to a grounding grid below it (see Figure 1). Touch voltage that is too high must be protected so that it is not dangerous (Kern et al, 2021). Requirements to ensure the safety of humans and livestock and property security from dangers and damage that may arise from the reasonable use of electrical installations (Sni Puil, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Human Body's Resistance to AC Voltage

Kilis

Tuegeh

Dako

et al. 2023

JEJPTE

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The economic development of the community affects the widespread use of household electricity. Of course, the development of technology touches every aspect of the activity, whether for entertainment, pleasure or primary needs. Every dry season, the threat of fire is often a scourge for all of us. One of the leading causes is a short circuit of electric current. Electricity is an essential part of this day and age. Everyone needs electricity, whether it is from the lower levels of society to the upper levels of society, both for household, office and industrial purposes. Specifically for household purposes, electricity has become an inseparable part of daily needs. A pandemic has resulted in more extended and varied use of electricity in the home. Another consequence is that it is more prone to short circuits or even fires. The critical criteria that must be met at home are the proper installation of security fuses, the avoidance of sockets with multiple connections, and other items that must guarantee adequate grounding or fulfil the requirements with installations that meet the General Electrical Installation Requirements (in Bahasa Indonesia is abbreviated as PUIL). Problems that can be identified are: What is the average resistance of the student body to AC voltage? Are there any differences in male and female body resistance? The benefits of this research are: Theoretical benefits assessing the average resistance of the human body for planning protection system equipment. Practical benefits it is known as the average student body resistance value. Become a reference in determining the value of a protection system plan. The average measurement results in the range of 5100 Ohm. The results showed a significant difference between the levels of body resistance of male and female students. This is because the number of female students in this study is much smaller than that of male students.

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Lightning Impact on Human Modeled by Network with Lumped Elements

Rock

Drebenstedt

2022

2022 36th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)

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Threat for human beings due to touch voltages and body currents caused by direct lightning strikes in case of non-isolated lightning protection systems using natural components

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Experimental investigation on ablation characteristics of coated and uncoated steel under 30/80μs impulse current

Experimental investigation on ablation characteristics of coated and uncoated steel under 30/80μs impulse current

Analysis of the Human Body's Resistance to AC Voltage

Lightning Impact on Human Modeled by Network with Lumped Elements

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