Thorough Mastication Prior to Swallowing Increases Postprandial Satiety and the Thermic Effect of a Meal in Young Women

Abstract

SummaryThere is evidence to support that mastication may contribute to the prevention of weight gain via reduction of appetite sensations and subsequent energy intake. However, the metabolic effect of mastication after consumption of a daily meal, composed of the staple food (rice), soup, main and side dishes, is limited. Therefore, the effect of thorough mastication on greater satiety and the thermic effect of a meal (TEM) was investigated in young women. In study 1, energy expenditure (EE) derived from masticatory muscle activity for 20 min was measured while chewing hard, tasteless, non-caloric gum in seven subjects. In study 2, ten subjects consumed a solid meal performing 30 chews per mouthful (30 CPM), or swallowed the same, pureed meal without chewing (0 CPM) on two separate days, and postprandial EE, substrate oxidation, subjective appetite ratings and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity for 3 h were examined. Both test meals were iso-caloric (2,510 kJ) and -weighted (884 g), and consumed in 20 min. From study 1, the EE of mastication itself for the 20 min was estimated to be 3.760.8 kJ. From study 2, significantly higher TEM (134.2615.5 vs. 67.8613.8 kJ/3 h, p,0.001) as well as satiety (p50.005), and tendency toward greater fat oxidation (p50.090) and ANS activity (p50.069) were observed after consumption of the meal with 30 CPM compared to 0 CPM. In conclusion, thorough mastication before swallowing increased postprandial satiety and the TEM in young women, suggesting such eating behavior may be useful for preventing obesity.

Morning Mastication Enhances Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Young Subjects

“…found that mastication improved insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in older men; older participants who chewed test food 40 times had higher levels of plasma glucose, insulin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide at meal completion than those who chewed 15 times. According to other studies, mastication also influences postprandial satiety, appetite, and diet-induced thermogenesis (Hetherington and Boyland 2007;Hetherington and Regan 2011;Mattes and Considine 2013;Hamada et al 2014Hamada et al , 2016Komai et al 2016).…”

“…Although previous studies (Hetherington and Boyland 2007;Cassady et al 2009;Li et al 2011;Hetherington and Regan 2011 ;Mattes and Considine 2013;Hamada et al 2014Hamada et al , 2016Komai et al 2016) have described the effects of mastication on food intake, self-reported appetite (satiety), body composition, postprandial energy expenditure, and secretion of appetiterelated hormones, little is known about the effects of mastication on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion at different times of day. We investigated diurnal variations in glucose metabolism by administering 75-g OGTTs in the morning and evening; the results of these tests indicated that glucose metabolism was significantly higher in the morning than in the evening (Fig.…”

Influence of oral processing on appetite and food intake – A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Ideally studies should have an equal ratio of men to women, however for a number of studies more women than men were included, with six studies using more than 70% women (Bolhuis, et al, 2014;Hetherington & Regan, 2011;Higgs & Jones, 2013;Weijzen, Liem, Zandstra, & de Graaf, 2008;Zijlstra, et al, 2011). On the other hand, five studies included only males (Bolhuis, Lakemond, de Wijk, Luning, & de Graaf, 2011;Labouré, van Wymelbeke, Fantino, & Nicolaidis, 2002;Li, et al, 2011;Martens, et al, 2011;Zhu, et al, 2013), whereas only four studies included just females (Andrade, Greene, & Melanson, 2008;Komai, et al, 2016;Park, et al, 2016;Spiegel, Kaplan, Tomassini, & Stellar, 1993). Weight status varied across studies, with 20 studies specifically selecting participants within a healthy BMI range, five studies selecting people from specific weight groups to control for the influence of weight status whereas the remaining 15 studies did not specifically select or control for BMI.…”

“…Four studies did not measure ad libitum food intake during or after the oral processing intervention (Cassady, et al, 2009;Forde, et al, 2013;Komai, et al, 2016;Martens, et al, 2011), and therefore were not considered in this section of the review. Thus, the total number of studies that measured food intake was 38.…”

Food functionality research as a new national project in special reference to improvement of cognitive and locomotive abilities

“…It is thus necessary to identify some particularly desirable food components and develop them in AFF food items for application to QOL improvement ( Figure 3). A number of papers have already been published [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69].…”