Morning Mastication Enhances Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Young Subjects

Abstract

Postprandial glucose concentration is dependent on the time of day and its concentration in the morning is lower than in the evening. However, whether it is dependent on mastication at different times of the day has not been studied before. We hypothesized that mastication affects insulin-mediated glucose metabolism differently in the morning and evening in healthy individuals. Firstly, nine healthy male volunteers (22.0 ± 0.7 SEM years, body mass index 22.0 ± 1.0 kg/m 2) performed a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). One week after the OGTT, they participated in a high-carbohydrate food (rice) consumption test with 10 or 40 chews per mouthful. Each experiment was conducted in the morning (0800 h) and evening (2000 h) on the same day. Blood samples were collected before and at 30-min intervals for 120 min after glucose or rice consumption. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose in the OGTT was significantly lower in the morning than in the evening, whereas the iAUC for insulin was similar at both times. In participants who chewed 40 times, the iAUC for glucose after rice consumption was significantly lower in the morning than in the evening but was similar at both times in individuals who chewed 10 times. Chewing 40 times in the morning (but not the evening) significantly increased insulin secretion at 30 min. This suggests that morning mastication improves early-phase insulin secretion after rice consumption. This novel finding may aid in reducing the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Metabolic Impacts of Food Oral Processing

“…When participants were asked to chew 10 or 40 times, the longer mastication significantly increased insulin secretion at 30 minutes, suggesting that mastication itself may improve earlyphase insulin secretion. 68 notably in this study, the effect was only observed for longer mastication in the morning, not in the evening, suggesting a circadian enhancement of this effect. This finding has been replicated across several studies using a similar experimental paradigm in which the plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were higher following 40 chews/bite than 15 chews/bite.…”

Longer Mastication Cycles Tend to Lower Post-Prandial Blood Sugar Levels

“…At 45 times, the mastication cycle showed lower insulin and lowered blood glucose levels because insulin was already working on cells and take glucose from the blood. These results were consistent with the research of Suzuki 7 , Mandhu 14 and Sato15 . The importance of the gradual and effective release of glucose levels in preventing hyperglycemia in the blood can lead to glucose accumulation and, in the end, cause disorders that initially take the form of metabolic syndrome and then eventually become Diabetes Mellitus.…”

Association of occlusal support with type 2 diabetes: A community-based study

“…We found participants with Eichner index A had lower blood glucose level with equal nutrients intake. Although thorough mastication could raise plasma glucose levels by thoroughly grinding the food and mixing it adequately with enzymes and stomach acids ( 42 ), it can also raise insulin secretion and ultimately lower blood glucose levels ( 21 ). This speculation was proved by Suzuki et al.…”