Thorium Oxide Fuel

Hania, P.R.; Klaassen, F.M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-056033-5.00052-5

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Decay series of thorium-232 products many radionuclides i.e. radium-228 (5.8 years) and Ra-224 (3.7 days) and Rn-220 (56 s) (Hania & Klaassen, 2012). Thorium may cause radiological risk to public health and environment if there is a significant exposure to it and its hazardous radioactive decay products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some areas of research on thorium still need to be explored especially thorium nuclear reactor. The huge energy needed by the nations, the advantages of thorium based fuel over uranium such as thorium resources which are several times larger than depleting uranium resources, and advantageous thermal & chemical properties and low actinide production in thorium based reactor have made thorium as a potential alternative for nuclear fuel (IAEA, 2005;Mathieu et al,2006;Hania & Klaassen, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thorium: Issues and prospects in Malaysia

Al-Areqi¹,

Majid²,

Sarmani³

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thorium: Issues and prospects in Malaysia

Al-Areqi¹,

Majid²,

Sarmani³

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…UO2 and ThO2 powders are typically prepared via precipitation or sol-gel routes [4]. Novel preparations of various oxides via the photochemical method have recently also been reported [7] (the mechanisms of water photolysis and oxides formation are summarized therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Green pellets are subsequently sintered where the first step is dewaxing (removal of volatile additives at approximately 500-800 °C) [3]. UO2 pellets are then sintered at temperatures of 1600-1800 °C under controlled (reducing) atmosphere for 3-10 hours [3], whereas ThO2 pellets are sintered at temperatures of 1600-1700 °C and the sintering can be performed under both oxidizing and reducing conditions [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of UO2, ThO2 and (Th,U)O2 pellets from photochemically-prepared nano-powders

Pavelková

Čuba

Visser-Týnová

et al. 2016

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Photochemically-induced preparation of nano-powders of uranium and/or thorium oxides and their subsequent pelletizing has been investigated. The preparative method is based on the photochemically induced formation of solid precursors in aqueous solution containing uranyl and/or thorium nitrate and ammonium formate. The EXAFS analyses of the precursors show that the irradiation of thorium containing solutions yields solid ThO2 with low structural order, and the irradiation of uranium containing solutions yields the mixture of U(IV) and U(VI) compounds. The U-containing precursors were carbon free, thus allowing direct heat treatment in reducing atmosphere without pre-treatment in the air. Subsequent heat treatment at 300-550 °C yields nano-crystalline UO2, ThO2 or solid (Th,U)O2 solutions with high purity, welldeveloped crystals, and nanoparticles with diameter ˂ 15 nm. The prepared nano-powders of oxides were pelletized without any binder (pressure 500 MPa), the green pellets were subsequently sintered at 1300 °C under an Ar:H2 (20:1) mixture (UO2 and (Th,U)O2 pellets) or at 1600 °C in ambient air (ThO2 pellets). The theoretical density of the sintered pellets varies from 91 to 97%.

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Reactions of Thorium Oxide Clusters with Water: The Effects of Oxygen Content

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

ChemPhysChem

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Thorium oxide has many important applications in industry. In this article, theoretical calculations have been carried out to explore the hydrolysis reactions of the ThO n (n = 1-3) clusters. The reaction mechanisms of the O-deficient ThO and the O-rich ThO 3 are compared with the stoichiometric ThO 2 . The theoretical results show good agreement with the prior experiments. It is shown that the hydrolysis mainly occurred on the singlet potential surface. The overall reactions consist of two hydrolysis steps which are all favourable in energy. The effects of oxygen content on the hydrolysis are elucidated. Interestingly, among them, the peroxo group O 2 2À in ThO 3 is converted to the HOOÀ ligand, behaving like the terminal O 2À in the hydrolysis which is transformed into the HOÀ groups. In addition, natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses were employed to further understand the bonding of the pertinent species and to interpret the differences in hydrolysis.

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Thorium Oxide Fuel

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Thorium: Issues and prospects in Malaysia

Thorium: Issues and prospects in Malaysia

Preparation of UO2, ThO2 and (Th,U)O2 pellets from photochemically-prepared nano-powders

Reactions of Thorium Oxide Clusters with Water: The Effects of Oxygen Content

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