Thirty-nine-month xylitol chewing-gum programme in initially 8-year-old school children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli

Mäkinen, Kauko K.; Alanen, Pentti; Isokangas, Pauli; Isotupa, K; Söderling, Eva; Mäkinen, Pirkko‐Liisa; Wang, Wenhui; Wang, Weijian; Chen, Xiaochi; Yi, Wei; Zhang, Bo-xue

doi:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2008.tb00175.x

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…3 Xylitol is a polyalcohol derivative for xylose that does not induce dental caries. 6,7 Substitution of sugar by xylitol is not only non-cariogenic but may be considered as anticariogenic, 8,9,10,11,12 and xylitol is mainly indicated for use as a sugar substitute between meals. 9 The use of xylitol chewing gum reduced caries incidence from 30 to 65%, 8 in spite of its effectiveness still being discussed in literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels

2010

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Frequent use of Xylitol may decrease the S. mutans levels. However, very little is known about whether this effect on the levels of cariogenic bacteria is maintained after the interruption of short-term usage of xylitol. This study aimed at evaluating changes in mutans streptococci (MS) salivary levels after using a chewing gum containing xylitol. Twelve volunteers harboring ≥ 10 5 CFU MS/ml saliva levels were asked to chew Happydent-xylit  for 5 minutes, 5 X/day, for 30 days. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, at 30 days after xylitol usage began, and at 30 days beyond its interruption. MS salivary levels were estimated. The average salivary levels of MS in the ten subjects who completed the study were 13.17 (NL-CFU) at baseline (A). After the 30 days experimental period (B), this average decreased to 9.45 (NL-CFU). Nine of ten subjects studied showed a reduction in MS salivary levels in relation to baseline, whereas salivary levels were maintained in the remaining subject. At thirty days beyond the interruption of xylitol usage (C), the average levels of MS were still reduced to 10.31 (NL-CFU). Multiple sample comparison using the Bonferroni test revealed that the decrease in MS levels observed from baseline (A) to the time immediately after 30 days of xylitol usage (B) was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and those levels were still decreased between baseline and 30 days beyond the interruption of xylitol usage (C). So, the use of xylitol induced a reduction in MS salivary levels after a short period of usage which persisted beyond its interruption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels

2010

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“…Xylitol is a natural five-carbon-sugar alcohol that can be safely applied as a preventive measure for diseases such as pneumonia, acute otitis media (AOM), dental caries, and meningitis (11,16,21,38,41,45,47). The causative pathogens of pneumonia in children are Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae with polysaccharide capsules.…”

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confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy of Xylitol Uptake and Metabolism in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

Palchaudhuri

Rehse

Hamasha

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Visible-wavelength Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the uptake and metabolism of the fivecarbon sugar alcohol xylitol by Gram-positive viridans group streptococcus and the two extensively used strains of Gram-negative Escherichia coli, E. coli C and E. coli K-12. E. coli C, but not E. coli K-12, contains a complete xylitol operon, and the viridans group streptococcus contains an incomplete xylitol operon used to metabolize the xylitol. Raman spectra from xylitol-exposed viridans group streptococcus exhibited significant changes that persisted even in progeny grown from the xylitol-exposed mother cells in a xylitol-free medium for 24 h. This behavior was not observed in the E. coli K-12. In both viridans group streptococcus and the E. coli C derivative HF4714, the metabolic intermediates are stably formed to create an anomaly in bacterial normal survival. The uptake of xylitol by Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens occurs even in the presence of other high-calorie sugars, and its stable integration within the bacterial cell wall may discontinue bacterial multiplication. This could be a contributing factor for the known efficacy of xylitol when taken as a prophylactic measure to prevent or reduce occurrences of persistent infection. Specifically, these bacteria are causative agents for several important diseases of children such as pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, and dental caries. If properly explored, such an inexpensive and harmless sugar-alcohol, alone or used in conjunction with fluoride, would pave the way to an alternative preventive therapy for these childhood diseases when the causative pathogens have become resistant to modern medicines such as antibiotics and vaccine immunotherapy.

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“…El vehículo más utilizado en varias investigaciones fue la goma de mascar 32,33,34 Loesche y col 16 ,encontraron que después del consumo de 5 mg de goma de mascar con xilitol por 4 semanas en niños con un promedio de edad de 8 años, los niveles de S. mutans en saliva y placa fueron reducidos en un 29.4% en comparación con los niveles basales y con el consumo de otros polioles. Además, la cantidad de placa también disminuyó y tuvo una mejor habilidad para resistir caídas en el pH inducidas por enjuagatorios con sacarosa.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

EFECTO DE LA PASTA DENTAL CON XYLITOL EN EL RECUENTO DE Streptcococcos mutans EN NIÑOS DE 7 A 9 AÑOS. ESTUDIO PILOTO

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Padilla

2013

Rev. Investig. Altoandin. - RIA -

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<h4 class="text-primary">Resumen</h4>El objetivo fue determinar el efecto del xylitol sobre la cantidad de unidades formadoras de colonias de Streptococcus mutans en saliva utilizando como vehículo pasta dental. Se tomó una muestra conformada por 16 niñas de 7 a 9 años de edad del Centro de Atención Residencial virgen de Fátima de Puno, que no habían tomado antibióticos durante el mes precedente, con 5 caries activas como mínimo. La muestra fue dividida en dos grupos experimental de 12 niñas y grupo control de 4 niñas. Al grupo experimental se aplicó una pasta dental conteniendo xylitol al 36% y flúor, y al grupo control una pasta dental conteniendo solamente flúor. Los niveles de Streptococcus mutans en saliva se evaluaron utilizando el sistema comercial “Dentocult” que es un caldo de cultivo selectivo que permite el crecimiento de Streptococcus mutans adheridas a la superficie de una tira salival plástica. La evaluación se realizó antes del inicio del experimento y a 1, 3 y 5 semanas después del uso de las pastas dentales. Los resultados demostraron que luego de la aplicación de la pasta dental con xilytol y flúor durante 5 semanas, se observó una disminución desde un nivel 2 de Streptococcus mutans en saliva hasta un nivel 0 a diferencia del grupo control. La prueba de hipótesis aplicando la t-estudent, con nivel de confianza al 95% aceptó la hipótesis alterna, el promedio de unidades formadoras de colonias de Streptoccoccus mutans del grupo experimental es menor que el del grupo control, habiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa.Palabras clave: Pastas dental, Xylitol, Streptococos mutans

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Thirty-nine-month xylitol chewing-gum programme in initially 8-year-old school children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels

Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels

Raman Spectroscopy of Xylitol Uptake and Metabolism in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

EFECTO DE LA PASTA DENTAL CON XYLITOL EN EL RECUENTO DE Streptcococcos mutans EN NIÑOS DE 7 A 9 AÑOS. ESTUDIO PILOTO

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