Thirdhand smoke: when the danger is more than you can see or smell

Figueiró, Luciana Rizzieri; Ziulkoski, Ana Luíza; Dantas, Denise Conceição Mesquita

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00032216

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The residues remain in the various surfaces of objects for a long period. 1,2 Admittedly, cigarette residue, tertiary cigarette smoke, or thirdhand smoke (THS) left in the environment or on the surface of objects is as dangerous as primary and secondary cigarette smoke. About 50% of the nicotine left on the clothing or skin is dissolved by sweat and absorbed into the body through the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Affects Mice Pancreas Microstructure

Indrasari

Furqaani

Siswanti

et al. 2021

Glob Med Health Commun

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Cigarette residue toxins can accumulate in the body, including the pancreas, which potentially reduces pancreas function. In addition, the active compounds in cigarettes are reporting to interfere with an elevation of reactive oxygen species, leading to disruption of pancreatic microstructures. Furthermore, pancreatic cell dysfunction is responsible for developing diabetes mellitus disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of thirdhand smoke exposure on mice pancreatic microstructure image. It was an in vivo laboratory experimental study with a completely randomized design at the Medical Biology Laboratory of the Universitas Islam Bandung from November 2020–June 2021. The subjects were 20 adult male mice aged 8–10 weeks, weighing 25–30 grams, in good health condition, and randomly divided into two groups (control group and treatment group exposed to thirdhand cigarette smoke for four weeks). After the completion of the exposure period, pancreatic cells isolation was performing. The parameters observed in this study were the number and diameter islet of Langerhans. Data analysis used the independent t test parametric (α=5%). The results showed that the number and diameter islet of Langerhans in the treated group were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). The average number in the control group was 9.40±3.20, while in the treatment group was 4.90±2.74 (28% smaller). The average diameter of control was 225.96±50.15 mm, while treatment was 162±49.68 mm (50% lower). In conclusion, thirdhand smoke exposure alters the pancreas microstructure. The toxic compounds on thirdhand cigarette smoke are involving in generating an elevation of free radical levels, depletion of antioxidants, and alteration of signal transduction resulted in acceleration of apoptosis rate of the islet of Langerhans, especially pancreatic β-cells. PENGARUH PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK TERSIER PADA GAMBARAN MIKROSTRUKTUR PANKREAS MENCITToksik residu rokok dapat terakumulasi pada tubuh, termasuk pankeas sehingga dapat menurunkan fungsi pankreas. Selain itu, senyawa aktif dalam rokok dilaporkan meningkatkan radikal bebas yang menyebabkan kerusakan mikrostruktur pankreas. Selanjutnya, disfungsi sel pankreas meningkatkan risiko diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh asap rokok tersier terhadap gambaran mikrostruktur pankreas mencit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium in vivo dengan rancangan acak lengkap di Laboratorium Biologi Medik Universitas Islam Bandung periode November 2020–Juni 2021. Subjek penelitian adalah 20 mencit jantan dewasa berumur 8–10 minggu, bobot 25–30 gram, kondisi sehat, dan dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok (kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan yang mendapat paparan asap rokok tersier selama empat minggu). Setelah periode pemberian paparan selesai, dilakukan isolasi sel pankreas. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah dan diameter pulau Langerhans (islet of Langerhans). Analisis data menggunakan parametrik independent t test (α=5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah dan diameter pulau Langerhans pada kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Jumlah rerata pada kelompok kontrol adalah 9,40±3,20, sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan 4,90±2,74 (lebih rendah 28%). Diameter rerata pada kelompok kontrol adalah 225,96±50,19 mm dan kelompok perlakuan 162,89±49.68 mm (lebih rendah 50%). Simpulan, paparan asap rokok tersier dapat memengaruhi gambaran mikrostruktur pankreas. Senyawa toksik pada asap rokok tersier diduga terlibat dalam peningkatan kadar radikal bebas, penurunan kadar antioksidan, dan perubahan transduksi sinyal yang mengakibatkan peningkatan laju apoptosis pulau Langerhans, terutama sel β pankreas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Affects Mice Pancreas Microstructure

Indrasari

Furqaani

Siswanti

et al. 2021

Glob Med Health Commun

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“…(2) Several authors have pointed out the negative effects of tobacco use not only on the health of active smokers, but also those involuntarily exposed to the chemical substances present in secondhand smoke, spread in the air and later deposited on surfaces, polluting the environment. (7)(8)(9) Cumulative exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke can aggravate the damage to the respiratory system of asthma patients, leading to increased bronchial secretion, worse bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), reduced lung function, more frequent exacerbations, and poorer response to drug therapy. (3,10,11) Some studies have reported more frequent respiratory infections (12) and new cases of asthma (3,7,11) among individuals who hang around smokers.…”

Section: ❚ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to secondhand smoke among patients with asthma: a cross-sectional study

Lima

Cruz

Fernandes

et al. 2020

Einstein (São Paulo)

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Objective: To estimate the frequency of secondhand smoke exposure among patients with asthma. Methods: A cross-sectional study of asthma patients and non-asthmatic controls using questionnaires to identify secondhand smoke exposure at home, school, work, and public places. Results: We studied 544 severe asthma patients, 452 mild/moderate asthma patients, and 454 non-asthmatic patients. Among severe patients, the mean age was 51.9 years, 444 (81.6%) were female, 74 (13.6%) were living with a smoker, 383 (71.9%) reported exposure in public spaces and, of the 242 (44.5%) who worked/ studied, 46 (19.1%) reported occupational exposure. Among those with mild/moderate asthma, the mean age was 36.8 years, 351 (77.7%) were female, 50 (11.1%) reported living with a smoker, 381 (84.9%) reported exposure in public settings and, of the 330 (73.0%) who worked/ studied, 58 (17.7%) reported occupational exposure. An association between secondhand smoke exposure and disease control was found among patients with mild/moderate asthma. Among those interviewed, 71% of severe asthma patients and 63% of mild/moderate asthma patients avoided certain places due to fear of secondhand smoke exposure. Conclusion: Secondhand smoke exposure is a situation frequently reported by a significant proportion of asthma patients. Individuals with asthma are exposed to this agent, which can hamper disease control, exacerbate symptoms and pose unacceptable limitations to their right to come and go in public settings.

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“…2 T h e e x p o s u r e o f c h i l d r e n t o environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) leads mainly to adults who smoke in places where children live and play, which includes exposure to second-and thirdhand smoke. [3][4][5][6] The consequences are given by the susceptibility of children to smoke toxicity and include a higher risk for sudden infant death, middle ear pathology, severe asthma, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, and impaired lung function, as well as school absenteeism and restricted activities. 7,8 T h e r e f o r e , t h e d i f f e r e n t governments have implemented policies and interventions aimed at reducing home exposure through education campaigns for parents and at avoiding the exposure of children in public places.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures stated by parents and caregivers of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers to prevent environmental tobacco smoke exposure

Rios

Concha

Barría

2018

Arch Argent Pediatr

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Introduction. The exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is a public health problem because of its potential risks for children. Objective. To determine the preventive actions taken by parents and/or caregivers of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers regarding environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Methods. Cross-sectional, analytical study in parents and caregivers of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers from Valdivia, Chile. A questionnaire on preventive measures regarding environmental tobacco smoke was administered. The questionnaire was analyzed with descriptive and association statistics using Fisher's exact test and logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) as an estimation of the risk for not taking preventive measures at home. Results. A total of 469 parents and caregivers participated. The prevalence of households with one member who smoked was 51.8%. Most of them smoked outside the house (92.2%). The most common measure taken outside the household was to avoid places where people smoked. In this setting, a significant difference was observed between men and women in relation to avoiding exposure (7.6% versus 2.2%; p= 0.040). A higher risk for not avoiding tobacco use inside or outside the housewas confirmed when a household member smoked (OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 2.05-6.14). Also, a lower risk was observed when there were two or more children in the household (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.26-0.83). Conclusions. Most parents and caregivers ask others to smoke outside and avoid places where people smoke; however, the level of prevention is lower among households with smokers.

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Thirdhand smoke: when the danger is more than you can see or smell

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Affects Mice Pancreas Microstructure

Thirdhand Smoke Exposure Affects Mice Pancreas Microstructure

Exposure to secondhand smoke among patients with asthma: a cross-sectional study

Measures stated by parents and caregivers of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers to prevent environmental tobacco smoke exposure

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