Third-Sound Resonance

Ratnam, B.A.; Mochel, J. M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.25.711

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We have included here the results from several other experiments which yield these parameters. These include measurements of superfluid density via a torsional oscillator, 3,15 third sound, 16 thermal transport, 4,5 and vortex diffusivity. 17 We see from these graphs that these data are relatively consistent, and show a strong dependence of these parameters on 7\-T c .…”

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confidence: 99%

Universality of the Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition inHe4Films as a Function of Thickness

Finotello

Gasparini

1985

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We report new measurements of thermal transport in 4 He films near the superfluid transition. We have done this to check on the universality of this transition as a function of thickness or T c between 1.37 and 1.88 K. Results from this study show for the first time a thickness or T c dependence of the two characteristic parameters for the thermal conduction, the ratio of diffusion constant to vortex core radius, D/a 2 , and the nonuniversal constant b. We suggest that the increase of b with film thickness is related to the bulk correlation length. PACS numbers: 64.70.-p, 67.40.pm, 67.70. + nThe superfluid transition in 4 He films has been studied extensively as one of the realizations of a twodimensional (2D) x-y system. Various predictions coming from the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory 1 of such a transition have been verified via measurements of the superfluid density, 2,3 thermal transport, 4 " 7 and persistent currents. 8 The transition is in the same universality class as, for instance, 2D melting, the superconducting transition in thin films, and some transitions in liquid crystals. It is thus of considerable theoretical and experimental interest. There are still, however, several aspects of the superfluid transition which merit further attention. Among these is the question of how this transition is modified when one deals with helium films substantially thicker than a few monolayers. One expects that as long as one is in a temperature region where the 3D correlation length would tend to be larger than the film thickness, then the 2D behavior should be manifest. It is clear, however, that aspects of this behavior must be modified in thick films, if for no other reason but the fact that the critical behavior is relegated to a progressively smaller region in temperature as the film's T c approaches the bulk 7\. We report in this Letter a study of thermal transport to look at this behavior. Our work can be viewed from the perspective of finite-size scaling and dimensionality crossover 9 but, perhaps more importantly, it should be viewed as a universality study of the KosterlitzThouless transition. This is analogous to the study of the critical behavior at the 3D superfluid transition along the A line on the pressure or 3 He-concentration plane. 10

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Universality of the Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition inHe4Films as a Function of Thickness

Finotello

Gasparini

1985

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…The existing measurements with mixtures-mostly of the superfluid density-yield a picture of the transition which is qualitatively very similar to that of pure 4 He. The transition has the universal jump 13,14 in the superfluid density predicted for pure films by Nelson and Kosterlitz,15 and an increase in dissipation due to the vortex-antivortex unbinding.…”

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confidence: 73%

“…(1). A study of these parameters as a function of 4 He thickness has been reported. 11 The measurements we report here have been done with the same experimental cell.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…The superfluid transition of 4 He films when physisorbed on a two-dimensional (2D) substrate can be described by the vortex-antivortex unbinding theory of Kosterlitz and Thouless. 1 Measurements which yield the superfluid density-third sound, 2 " 5 quartz microbalance, 6 and torsional oscillator 3,7 -as well as experiments on thermal transport, 8 persistent currents, 9 and vortex diffusivity 10 have provided tests for the static and dynamic aspects of this theory.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The measured conductance in watts per kelvin for two films of 4 He. The numbers for each film indicate the percentage of 3 He for each successive concentration, with the highest curve for 12.1 A being for pure4 He. to test Eq.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Critical Behavior of the Thermal Conductance ofHe3-He
Finotello
¹
,
Yu
²
,
Gasparini
³

1986
Phys. Rev. Lett.
15
0
0
0
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We report measurements of the connective conductance of 3 He-4 He films near the superfluid transition. This thermal response is tested for the critical behavior observed in pure 4 He films. We find that this is preserved for mixtures. The parameters 6 and D/a 2 , however, show a strong renormalization, and an unusual 3 He dependence. The conductance at fixed T-T c decreases upon addition of 3 He implying a decrease of the 2D correlation length. We observe a decrease in the maximum value of conductance which we attribute to a residual free-vortex density, even for T< T c .The superfluid transition of 4 He films when physisorbed on a two-dimensional (2D) substrate can be described by the vortex-antivortex unbinding theory of Kosterlitz and Thouless. 1 Measurements which yield the superfluid density-third sound, 2 " 5 quartz microbalance, 6 and torsional oscillator 3,7 -as well as experiments on thermal transport, 8 persistent currents, 9 and vortex diffusivity 10 have provided tests for the static and dynamic aspects of this theory. A first series of measurements on aspects of 2D to 3D crossover and the universal character of the transition as a function of film thickness have also been reported. 11 There is, in addition, in the case of liquid helium, the possibility to study the universal character of the transition in the presence of 3 He. Mixture films are, of course, the 2D analog of 3D mixtures; but, in fact, they are substantially richer in possibilities because of the important roles of the liquid-solid and liquid-vapor interfaces, and the arrangement of the 3 He relative to and along these interfaces. As regards the critical behavior, mixture films have been studied near the superfluid transition in several realizations: a submonolayer of 4 He and 3 He 12 ; multilayer films of 4 He with a more substantial amount of 3 He, concentrations up to 50% 13 ' 14 ; and a near monolayer of 4 He with a large amount of 3 He. 7 All of these realizations are of interest because, among other effects, the boundary conditions on the superfluid are quite different. In the first case one is dealing with a monolayer mixture bounded by a solid substrate on one side and effectively vacuum on the other. In the second case, larger amounts of 3 He and 4 He, one is dealing with what one may call a "slab" of a 3D mixture with the twist that the concentration is not quite uniform because of the underlying van der Waals field. In the last case one has a submonolayer mixture "sandwiched" between the solid substrate and a 3D-like layer of 3 He. There are aspects of these realizations having to do with location of the 3 He and 4 He, and possible mass rearrangement as the temperature is changed. Many of these questions are still not settled, and the extent to which they affect the critical behavior at the superfluid transition is not clear.The existing measurements with mixtures-mostly of the superfluid density-yield a picture of the transition which is qualitatively very similar to that of pure 4 He. The transition has the universal jum...

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Superfluidity in Thin Helium Four Films

Reppy

1980

Phase Transitions in Surface Films

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Third-Sound Resonance

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Universality of the Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition inHe4Films as a Function of Thickness

Universality of the Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition inHe4Films as a Function of Thickness

Critical Behavior of the Thermal Conductance ofHe3-He
Finotello
¹
,
Yu
²
,
Gasparini
³

1986
Phys. Rev. Lett.
15
0
0
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Superfluidity in Thin Helium Four Films

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Third-Sound Resonance

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Universality of the Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition inHe4Films as a Function of Thickness

Universality of the Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition inHe4Films as a Function of Thickness

Critical Behavior of the Thermal Conductance ofHe3-HeFinotello1, Yu2, Gasparini3 1986Phys. Rev. Lett.15000View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Superfluidity in Thin Helium Four Films

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Critical Behavior of the Thermal Conductance ofHe3-He
Finotello
¹
,
Yu
²
,
Gasparini
³

1986
Phys. Rev. Lett.
15
0
0
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite