Third-order nonlinear phenomenon generated on the inner surface of bulk lithium niobate crystals with magnesium doping

Abstract

When two synchronized laser beams illuminate the inner surface of bulk lithium niobate crystals with magnesium doping (5%/mol MgO:LiNbO 3 ) under the condition of total reflection, semi-degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) is generated. On this basis, a more sophisticated frequency conversion process on the interface of nonlinear crystal has been researched. The generation mechanism of FWM is associated with the fundamental waves reflected on the inner surface of the nonlinear crystal. Analysis of the phase-matching mechanism confirms that the FWM is radiated by the third-order nonlinear polarized waves, which are stimulated by the third-order nonlinear susceptibility coefficient of the nonlinear crystal. Theoretically calculated and experimentally measured corresponding data have been presented in this article. These results are expected to provide new inspiration for further experimental and theoretical research on frequency conversion in nonlinear crystals.