Thiol-disulfide homeostasis: an integrated approach with biochemical and clinical aspects

Abstract

Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is a new area has begun to attract more scrutiny. Dynamic TDH is reversal of thiol oxidation in proteins and represents the status of thiols (-SH) and disulfides (-S-S-). Organic compounds containing the sulfhydryl group is called thiol, composed of sulfur and hydrogen atoms. Disulfides are the most important class of dynamic, redox responsive covalent bonds build in between two thiol groups. For many years, thiol levels were analyzed by several methods. During last years, measurements of disulfide levels have been analyzed by a novel automated method, developed by Erel and Neselioglu. In this method, addition to thiol-termed as native thiol-levels, disulfide levels were also measured and sum of native thiol and disulfide levels were termed as total thiol. Therefore, TDH was begun to be understood in organism. In healthy humans, TDH is maintained within a certain range. Dysregulated dynamic TDH has been implicated several disorders with unknown etiology. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the thiol-disulfide homeostasis is involved in variety diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, non-small cell lung cancer, Familial Mediterranean fever, inflammatory bowel diseases, occupational diseases, gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. These results may elucidate some pathogenic mechanism or may be a predictor indicating diagnostic clue, prognostic marker or therapeutic sign. In conclusion, protection of the thiol disulfide homeostasis is of great importance for the human being. Evidence achieved so far has proposed that thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an important issue needs to elucidate wholly.

Thiol–disulfide homeostasis and ischemia‐modified albumin as a marker of oxidative stress in patients with sarcopenia

“…Erel et al reported that the thiol-disulfide balance deteriorated in diseases characterized by intense inflammation and oxidative stress, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, type 1 diabetes, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome and in burns. 24 In the present study we showed that native thiol and total thiol disulfide levels, disulfide levels, disulfide-native thiol, disulfide-total thiol and native-total thiol ratios had no significant differences in the sarcopenia and control older adults group. In light of these results, we could say that there is an increased oxidative stress status in the case of sarcopenia; however, dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis might have no role in this process.…”

“…Cut-off points for SMI in our population was accepted as <9.2 kg/ m 2 for men and <7.4 kg/m 2 for women. 17 147 patients included 24 Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included the patients who were diagnosed as "normal" after sarcopenia assessment.…”

A useful and sensitive marker in the prediction of COVID-19 and disease severity: Thiol

“…Disulphides can be regressed back to thiols, whereby thiol-disulphide homeostasis (TDH) can be maintained [ 14 , 15 ]. The deterioration of TDH plays a role in many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hyperemesis gravidarum, brucellosis, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever, and tonsillopharyngitis [ 16 ]. The deterioration of TDH can be shown through changes in the levels of oxidant or antioxidant molecules.…”

Dynamic Thiol Disulphide Homeostasis in Patients with Surfer’s Eye: A Case-Control Study

“…Nonetheless, the new technique developed by Erel and Neselioglu [15] allows simultaneous measurement of both the disul de and thiol levels resulting in a thorough assessment. In addition to that, the method is superior to other sophisticated methods such as bioluminescent systems, uorescence capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in terms of simplicity, ease of use, practicality, sensitivity, cost-e ciency, speed, reliability and the possibility of remeasurement [27].…”