Thinking Structurally About Implicit Bias: Some Peril, Lots of Promise

Daumeyer, Natalie M.; Rucker, Julian M.; Richeson, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1080/1047840x.2017.1373556

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…More broadly, the present work supports recent arguments to examine sociostructural factors as potential determinants of both stability and fluctuation in implicit bias over time (Daumeyer et al., 2017; Payne & Vuletich, 2018; Payne et al., 2017). There have only been a handful of studies examining the role of sociostructural factors, such as contextual ethnic diversity (Devos & Sadler, 2019; Devos et al., 2019; Rae et al., 2015; Sadler & Devos, 2020), legalization of same‐sex marriage (Ofosu et al., 2019), and proportion of slaves in 1860 (Payne et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Implicit black‐weapon associations weakened over time in increasingly multiethnic metropolitan areas

Somo

Sadler

Devos

2020

Anal Soc Iss & Public Policy

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A repeated cross‐sectional design was used to examine whether temporal changes in implicit Black‐weapon associations were dependent on the changing ethnic diversity of metropolitan areas over the course of a decade (2009–2018). Data on implicit Black‐weapon associations were obtained from Project Implicit. Three indicators of ethnic diversity were calculated using American Community Survey data. Minority representation referred to the proportion of African American residents. Variety was operationalized as the degree to which six ethnic groups each accounted for an equal proportion of the population. Integration assessed the degree to which ethnic groups were evenly distributed across census tracts making up the metropolitan area. Multilevel model analyses (N = 345,647 participants, nested within 185 metropolitan areas) revealed that implicit Black‐weapon associations weakened over time, and to a larger degree in metropolitan areas characterized by steeper increases in variety. This longitudinal relationship is consistent with the notion that, as metropolitan areas become more multiethnic, implicit associations between crime, danger, or violence and Black Americans decline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Implicit black‐weapon associations weakened over time in increasingly multiethnic metropolitan areas

Somo

Sadler

Devos

2020

Anal Soc Iss & Public Policy

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“…There has been a recent revival of the idea that IAT is more useful as an measure of systematic bias, rather than as a measure of individual differences [6]. On this view, aggregate IAT measures may function as a "barometer of inequality" [7] which reflects a combination of social and structural factors alongside both stable and transient individual differences. Losing confidence in individual scores might have the salutary effect of focusing attention on the large, undeniable inequalities which remain a feature of contemporary society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confidence Intervals on Implicit Association Test Scores Are Really Rather Large

Klein¹

2020

Preprint

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Implicit association test scores are presented as point estimates. Unusually for a psychological measure, individual scores are not tested for statistical significance in standard practice. This study estimates individual confidence intervals for a large dataset of IAT scores. The intervals are large. Only half of scores are significantly different from zero. This result raises theoretical concerns about standard interpretations of the IAT.

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“…Far too many psychological studies of racial bias concern themselves solely with the intentions of individual actors, examining the extent to which bias is implicit versus explicit (Greenwald, Nosek, & Banaji, 2003) and whether people are or are not motivated to control or express prejudice (Devine, 1989; Plant & Devine, 1998). As social psychologists, we advocate for an understanding of race and racism in the context of the large and systemic structural and cultural forces that create and maintain racial patterns of inequality in economic, social, and health domains (Daumeyer, Rucker, & Richeson, 2017; Payne, Vuletich, & Lundberg, 2017; Richeson & Sommers, 2016; Salter, Adams, & Perez, 2018). Centering race in scholarship on economic inequality has the added benefit of focusing attention on the structural components of the psychology of racism, which will help scholars better articulate the ways in which the psychology of racial prejudice extends from individuals to institutions and back again.…”

Section: Societal Policy Change and Color-blind Approaches To Messagimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Misperception of Racial Economic Inequality

Kraus¹,

Onyeador²,

Daumeyer³

et al. 2019

Perspect Psychol Sci

Self Cite

168

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Racial economic inequality is a foundational feature of the United States, yet many Americans appear oblivious to it. In the present work we consider the psychology underlying this collective willful ignorance. Drawing on prior research and new evidence from a nationally representative sample of adults ( N = 1,008), we offer compelling evidence that Americans vastly underestimate racial economic inequality, especially the racial wealth gap. In particular, respondents thought that the Black–White wealth gap was smaller, by around 40 percentage points in 1963 and around 80 percentage points in 2016, than its actual size. We then consider the motivational, cognitive, and structural factors that are likely to contribute to these misperceptions and suggest directions for future research to test these ideas. Importantly, we highlight the implications of our collective ignorance of racial economic inequality and the challenge of creating greater accuracy in perceptions of these racial economic disparities, as well as outline the steps policymakers might take to create messages on this topic that effectively promote equity-enhancing policies. We close with an appeal to psychological science to at least consider, if not center, the racial patterning of these profound economic gaps.

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Thinking Structurally About Implicit Bias: Some Peril, Lots of Promise

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Implicit black‐weapon associations weakened over time in increasingly multiethnic metropolitan areas

Implicit black‐weapon associations weakened over time in increasingly multiethnic metropolitan areas

Confidence Intervals on Implicit Association Test Scores Are Really Rather Large

The Misperception of Racial Economic Inequality

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