Thin TiO₂ Coatings by ALD Enhance the Cell Growth on TiO₂ Nanotubular and Flat Substrates

Abstract

The present work exploits Ti sheets and TiO 2 nanotube (TNT) layers and their surface modifications for the proliferation of different cells. Ti sheets with a native oxide layer, Ti sheets with a crystalline thermal oxide layer, and two kinds of TNT layers (prepared via electrochemical anodization) with a defined inner diameter of 12 and 15 nm were used as substrates. A part of the Ti sheets and the TNT layers was additionally coated by thin TiO 2 coatings using atomic layer deposition (ALD). An increase in cell growth of WI-38 fibroblasts (>50%), MG-63 osteoblasts (>30%), and SH-SY5Y neuroblasts (>30%) was observed for all materials coated by five cycles ALD compared to their uncoated counterparts. The additional ALD TiO 2 coatings changed the surface composition of all materials but preserved their original structure and protected them from unwanted crystallization and shape changes. The presented approach of mild surface modification by ALD has a significant effect on the materials' biocompatibility and is promising toward application in implant materials.

Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties of Ag Nanoparticles and Ag/TiO2 Nanostructures Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition

“…Conformal titanium oxide nanocoatings, silver NPs, and structures combining coatings and NPs have been successfully prepared by ALD. According to a number of in vitro and in vivo studies, it is known that ALD titanium oxide films have a positive effect on the proliferation, differentiation and osseointegration of titanium implants [ 19 , 30 , 31 ]. According to our results, as-deposited ALD TiO 2 coatings have a less hydrophilic surface than polished titanium.…”

“…In some cases, ALD was used to obtain such structures, but only for the production of one of the materials. In most cases, titanium oxide [ 30 , 31 , 43 ] was deposited, but there are also studies on silver NPs deposited on nanotubes of various sizes [ 34 ]. In this respect, the approach proposed in our work is unique, because it uses only ALD to produce complex multicomponent material.…”

In Vitro Corrosion of SiC-Coated Anodized Ti Nano-Tubular Surfaces

“…Perumal et al showed the corrosion resistance of ATO nanotubes were improved by polyaniline polymer [ 48 ] but the pores of nanotubes were partially filled or disappeared after deposition of the polymer. Motola et al deposited thin titanium dioxide coating on ATO nanotubes using atomic layer deposition to enhance cell growth [ 49 ]. The coating was deposited on nanotubes with 0.3 nm thickness successfully.…”

Intrinsic Properties of Multi-Layer TiO2/V2O5/TiO2 Coatings Prepared via E-Beam Evaporation

“…TiO 2 has been diversely employed in solar devices in the form of cathodes, light scatterers, electron collectors, high wavelength transmitters, etc. These applications are possible due to its tunable conductivity, resistance to weathering, self-cleaning ability, excellent transmittance of solar radiation, and ease of fabrication [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. TiO 2 has been utilized in the form of a mesoporous nanostructure to increase scattering, which increases the interaction of light with absorbing materials and eventually improves the absorption efficiency [ 31 ].…”