Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties of Ag Nanoparticles and Ag/TiO2 Nanostructures Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition

Abstract

The combination of titania nanofilms and silver nanoparticles (NPs) is a very promising material, with antibacterial and osseointegration-induced properties for titanium implant coatings. In this work, we successfully prepared TiO2 nanolayer/Ag NP structures on titanium disks using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements, and SEM-EDS. Antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro cytological response of MG-63 osteosarcoma and human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (FetMSCs) was examined using SEM study of their morphology, MTT test of viability and differentiation using alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin with and without medium-induced differentiation in the osteogenic direction. The samples with TiO2 nanolayers, Ag NPs, and a TiO2/Ag combination showed high antibacterial activity, differentiation in the osteogenic direction, and non-cytotoxicity. The medium for differentiation significantly improved osteogenic differentiation, but the ALD coatings also stimulated differentiation in the absence of the medium. The TiO2/Ag samples showed the best antibacterial ability and differentiation in the osteogenic direction, indicating the success of the combining of TiO2 and Ag to produce a multifunctional biocompatible and bactericidal material.

Why Is Tantalum Less Susceptible to Bacterial Infection?

“…To simulate peri-operative infection, in the co-culture experiment, bacteria were permitted to adhere for 2 h before cell adhesion. In co-culture experiments, cells are planned to be stained for different periods (3,6,12, and 24 h). However, it was found that after the co-culture of bacteria and cells for more than 6 h, cells began to damage or even die.…”

“…A total of 1 mL of prepared S. aureus suspension (1 × 10 6 CFU/mL) was added into the 24-well plate containing Ti and Ta plates and cultured for different periods (3,6,12, and 24 h) at 37 • C. At each time point, the spread plate method was used to calculate the number of planktonic bacteria and to analyze the bacteria adhered to the surface of the samples using SEM after ultrasonic vibration [43].…”

“…Protein bands were quantified by TotalLabQuant of amersham in England. In the western blot experiment, after incubation for different periods (3,6,12, and 24 h), the protein extraction reagent was used to lyse the cells according to the protocols [45]. A Bio-Rad protein analysis kit was used to measure the protein concentration.…”

“…In addition, owing to the increase in antibiotic resistance and the difficulties in developing new antibiotics, hopeful strategies are urgently needed to change this situation [4,5]. In recent years, the antibacterial materials based on inorganic metal nanoparticles and their derivatives have been widely studied to prevent and treat biomaterial-related infections [6][7][8][9]. However, due to the inherent characteristics of most antibacterial nanomaterials, they not only have toxic effects on bacteria but also negatively affect the functions of normal human cells and tissues, thus limiting the application and clinical transformation of these new materials as implant coatings [10][11][12][13][14].…”

The Array of Si Nanowires Covered with Ag Nanoparticles by ALD: Fabrication Process and Optical Properties

“…AgNPs were deposited by the ALD method on a Picosun R-150 setup using the Ag (fod) (PEt 3 ) precursor and hydrogen plasma as a reducing agent, as described in Ref. [45]. To determine the optimal growth condition, the reactor temperatures (142-184 • C), (Ag (fod) (PEt 3 )) container temperatures (115-150 • C), reagents pulse times (2-4 s) and number of pulses (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) in one ALD cycle were varied.…”