“…Printed antennas, i.e., patches and slots, are intrinsically narrowband and suffer from conductor losses as well as the likely excitation of surface waves, both of which lead to lower efficiency. Different approaches have been proposed to increase bandwidth, such as using multiple layer stacks, perfect magnetic conductors (PMC) and defective grounds [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Others have focused on reducing losses associated with surface waves [ 15 , 16 ].…”