Thin layer chromatography in the analysis of cannabis and its components and synthetic cannabinoids

Sherma, Joseph; Rabel, Fred

doi:10.1080/10826076.2019.1663529

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The approach allowed cannabinoid detection at a reduced cost. Our results on TLC screening are consistent with terpenoid and cannabinoid investigation reported by Sherma & Rabel (2019) . These authors showed positive results for cannabinoids and terpenoids with TLC and a similar solvent system (hexane:ethyl acetate, 8:2 or 4:1 v/v) in a saturated chamber with specific reagent spraying and characteristic color patterns.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Current cannabinoid analytics allow rapid and precise detection. TLC is expected to meet the The Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) needs for use in cannabinoid industries in the future ( Sherma & Rabel, 2019 ). TLC was developed in the United States and worldwide, together with consensus methods by organizations including American Oil Chemist’s Society (AOCS), USP (United States Pharmacopeial Convention), and ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials) working with scientists and stakeholder communities ( Audino, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cannabinoids from inflorescences fractions of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae) against human pathogenic bacteria

Napiroon

Tanruean

Poolprasert

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Cannabinoids; tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN), might show antibacterial activity. Trema orientalis is a species in the Cannabaceae that is closely related to Cannabis through plastome phylogenetic evidence. This species is widely distributed throughout tropical Asia and is used as traditional medicine, particularly for the treatment of infectious diseases. However, no studies on the antibacterial activity of cannabinoid-containing inflorescences extracts are available. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine cannabinoid content and antibacterial activity of inflorescences fractions from T. orientalis native to Thailand. Methods We hypothesized that inflorescences from T. orientalis might display cannabinoids similar to Cannabis because of their close taxonomic relationship. We extracted the mature inflorescences and infructescence of T. orientalis in three disparate populations from different Thailand floristic regions. Extractions were subsequently partitioned into hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions using distilled water and chloroform. The lipophilic extracts were further fractionated by the column chromatography with gradient elution and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Characterized cannabinoids were used in bioassays with multidrug-resistance bacteria. Results Lipophilic extracts and fractions of inflorescences from all Thailand floristic regions consistently displayed cannabinoids (THC, CBD and CBN) in various quantities. These extracts exhibited inhibitory activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii strains with minimum inhibitory concentration values varying from 31.25 to 125 µg/mL. Conclusion Our study is the first to report cannabinoid detection in extracts from inflorescences of T. orientalis, a species in the Cannabaceae. These extracts and their fractions containing cannabinoids showed pronounced antibacterial activity. The use of analytic methods also demonstrated reproducible cannabinoid extraction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids from inflorescences fractions of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae) against human pathogenic bacteria

Napiroon

Tanruean

Poolprasert

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cannabis is a term frequently used to refer to any consumable product obtained from the Cannabaceae family, which consists of three main species: Cannabis sativa, indica and ruderalis ( Sherma and Rabel, 2019 ). Cannabis contains more than a 100 cannabinoids and other constituents ( Sherma and Rabel, 2019 ), with the primary psychoactive ingredient being delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Among the other cannibinoids, cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabidiolic acid are thought to counteract some of these psychoactive effects ( Bhattacharyya et al, 2010 ; Iseger and Bossong, 2015 ; Niesink and van Laar, 2013 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of sex and cannabis in adult in vivo brain imaging studies: A systematic review

Francis

Bissonnette

MacNeil

et al. 2022

Brain and Neuroscience Advances

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Cannabis has been shown to cause structural and functional neurocognitive changes in heavy users. Cannabis use initiation aligns with brain development trajectories; therefore, it is imperative that the potential neurological implications of cannabis use are understood. Males and females reach neurodevelopmental milestones at different rates making it necessary to consider biological sex in all cannabis and brain-based research. Through use of a systamatic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we aimed to understand the interaction between biological sex and cannabis use on brain-based markers. In total, 18 articles containing a sex-based analysis of cannabis users were identified. While the majority of studies ( n = 11) reported no sex by cannabis use interactions on brain-based markers, those that reported findings ( n = 8) suggest females may be more susceptible to cannabis’ neurotoxic effects. Unfortunately, a large portion of the literature was excluded due to no sex-based analysis. In addition, studies that reported no sex differences often contained a reduced number of females which may result in some studies being underpowered for sex-based analyses, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Suggestions to improve cannabis and sex-based reseach are proposed.

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“…There are many types of SCs, and the structure of different types of synthetic cannabinoids varies greatly, which brings certain difficulties to the detection of synthetic cannabinoids. In recent years, the detection and analysis methods of synthetic cannabinoid drugs mainly include thin layer chromatography (TIC) [17], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [18], infrared spectroscopy (IR) [19], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [20], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [21], etc. Laith et al developed GC-MS to identify and quantify three common SCs seized on the market, including AB-FUBINACA, AB-CHMINACA, and XLR-11, with LOD ranging from 0.15 to 17.89 μg/mL [22].…”

Section: Davide Et Al Concluded Scs Could Activate Cb1 Receptors In Cardiomyocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Simultaneous Determination of 11 Synthetic Cannabinoids in Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Wu¹,

Zhang²,

Xing³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Synthetic cannabinoids are a series of synthetic substances that mimic the effects of natural cannabinoids and produce a much stronger toxicity than natural cannabinoids, which have become the most abused family of new psychoactive substances. A solid-phase extractive-liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry method was developed to determine 11 synthetic cannabinoids in rat urine. The factors affecting recovery were optimized, and Oasis HLB was selected to extract synthetic cannabinoids simultaneously. The results showed that the linear correlation coefficients of the synthetic cannabinoids ranged from 0.993 to 0.999, and the limit of quantitation ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 ng/mL, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 69.90% to 118.39%. This method has the advantages of good purification ability, simple operation, and good reproducibility, and can be used for the high sensitivity analysis of various synthetic cannabinoids in urine.

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Thin layer chromatography in the analysis of cannabis and its components and synthetic cannabinoids

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Cannabinoids from inflorescences fractions of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae) against human pathogenic bacteria

Cannabinoids from inflorescences fractions of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae) against human pathogenic bacteria

Interaction of sex and cannabis in adult in vivo brain imaging studies: A systematic review

Rapid Simultaneous Determination of 11 Synthetic Cannabinoids in Urine by Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

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