Thin-layer chromatographic chambers with small and zero gas volume

Instrument platforms for thin-layer chromatography

“…In any of these modes, continuous or multiple development can be used to improve the separation of mixtures with a narrow polarity range (continuous development) or wide polarity range (multiple development) [6,[17][18][19]. Sandwich-type chambers for normal and continuous development were reviewed by Berezkin and Khrebtova [20] and Perry [21] has outlined the use of the shortbed continuous development chamber for optimized continuous development with the selection of variable development distances.…”

“…Linear development with capillary-controlled flow can be performed in a variety of vessels that differ significantly in design and sophistication [2,19,20,[25][26][27]. These are often categorized under the headings of normal (N-chamber) and sandwich (S-chamber), and in use, further subdivided based on whether the internal atmosphere is saturated (N S or S S ) or unsaturated (N U or S U ).…”