Thin films of fluorinated groups substituted metallophthalocyanines as an optical material

New phthalonitrile/metal phthalocyanine–gold nanoparticle conjugates for biological applications

“…The π-π* transitions from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) result in a Q-band around 700 nm; however, π-π* transitions from deeper π-orbitals to the LUMO lead to the appearance of a B-band around 350 nm. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Two-dimensional (2D) phthalocyanine rings can be associated and form dimers, trimers, or oligomers. This occurrence is termed aggregation, and affects the solubility, bioavailability, in vivo distribution, and optical properties of phthalocyanines.…”

“…These modifications increase the distance between the Pc rings and decrease the π-stacking interactions, which in turn improves the phthalocyanines' solubility. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Also, structural alterations of the phthalocyanines lead to changes in their chemical, physical, and electronic features. Generally, substituted phthalocyanines are prepared by the cyclotetramerization of mono-, di-, or tetra-substituted phthalonitrile derivatives in the absence or presence of metal salts in a high-boiling organic solvent that is made sufficiently basic by the addition of a strong base (1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0] non-5-ene (DBN) or 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)).…”

Biological properties of novel mono and double-decker hexadeca-substituted metal phthalocyanines

“…17,18 Improved solubility is usually achieved by the addition of long alkyl chains or bulky substituents on the α- and/or β-positions of the Pc ring and insertion of metal ions into the Pc cavity. 19–31 Also, the introduction of fluorinated-substituents in the phthalocyanine structure leads to high solubility of the phthalocyanines and increases their thermal and chemical stability. 32–34…”

In-situ synthesis of phthalocyanines on electrospun TiO2 nanofiber by solvothermal process for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

“…For example, fluoro-substituted metallophthalocyanines have been reported to be efficient catalysts for many applications [18][19][20][21][22]. Electron withdrawing fluorine substituents decrease the electron density of the macrocyclic ring and increase the redox potential, catalytic activity and stability [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”