Thin carbon films as electrodes for bioelectronic applications

Schnupp, R; Kühnhold, R; Temmel, G.; Burte, Edmund P.; Ryssel, H.

doi:10.1016/s0956-5663(98)00057-8

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The combination of lithography and anisotropic etching of Si can be applied to form microscopic probes of Si, which then can be coated at room temperature with ta-C thin films to produce hermetic, biocompatible encapsulation of the Si underlayer. Growing the CNTs or CNFs on the tip of the ta-C and catalyst metal coated Si needles can be done in a subsequent step using chemical vapor deposition methods described here and in our previous reports [5][6][7][8]. In addition, we envisage that chemical modification of the CNFs and the CNTs to introduce functional side groups (e.g., hydroxyl, carbonyl, amine, and thiol) could improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the electrodes towards several analytes.…”

Section: Fabrication Advantages Using Ta-c-coated Silicon and Perspecmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Promising results in the field of electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters have been achieved by using different types of electrodes coated with thin films of diamond-like carbon (DLC) [5][6][7][8]. DLC is a metastable form of amorphous carbon whose properties are determined by the ratio of sp 2 and sp 3 bonds, the amount of hydrogen, and the deposition method [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Carbon Nanostructures for Detection of Neurotransmitters

et al. 2015

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Carbon-based materials, such as diamond-like carbon (DLC), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are inherently interesting for neurotransmitter detection due to their good biocompatibility, low cost and relatively simple synthesis. In this paper, we report on new carbon-hybrid materials, where either CNTs or CNFs are directly grown on top of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C). We show that these hybrid materials have electrochemical properties that not only combine the best characteristics of the individual "building blocks" but their synergy makes the electrode performance superior compared to conventional carbon based electrodes. By combining ta-C with CNTs, we were able to realize electrode materials that show wide and stable water window, almost reversible electron transfer properties and high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the sensitivity of ta-C + CNF hybrids towards dopamine as well as glutamate has been found excellent paving the road for actual in vivo measurements. The wide and stable water window of these sensors enables detection of other neurotransmitters besides DA as well as capability of withstanding higher potentials without suffering from oxygen and hydrogen evolution.

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Section: Fabrication Advantages Using Ta-c-coated Silicon and Perspecmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Carbon Nanostructures for Detection of Neurotransmitters

et al. 2015

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“…We have recently shown that DLC electrodes are exceptionally stable in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, but can still be utilized to detect biomolecules by inducing local electrochemically active spots on the otherwise inert DLC electrode [4]. Furthermore, DLC in its many forms is an attractive electrode material because of its antifouling properties and general biocompatibility [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New electrochemically improved tetrahedral amorphous carbon films for biological applications

Laurila

Protopopova

Rhode

et al. 2014

Diamond and Related Materials

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Carbon based materials have been frequently used to detect different biomolecules. For example high sp 3 containing hydrogen free diamond-like carbon (DLC) possesses many properties that are beneficial for biosensor applications. Unfortunately, the sensitivities of the DLC electrodes are typically low. Here we demonstrate that by introducing topography on the DLC surface and by varying its layer thickness, it is possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of DLC thin film electrodes towards dopamine. The electrode structures are characterized in detail by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). With cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements we demonstrate that the new improved DLC electrode has a very wide water window, but at the same time it also exhibits fast electron transfer rate at the electrode/solution interface. In addition, it is shown that the sensitivity towards dopamine is increased up to two orders of magnitude in comparison to the previously fabricated DLC films, which are used as benchmarks in this investigation. Finally, it is shown, based on the cyclic voltammetry measurements that dopamine exhibits highly complex behavior on top of these carbon electrodes.

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“…The excellent physical properties as well as chemical inertness to acidic and alkaline media and organic solvents 3 have led us to utilize DLCs as electrode materials in electroanalytical systems. [3][4][5][6] For determining the electroactive species in biological fluids, electrode fouling due to the adsorption of macromolecules, such as proteins and DNA, is a serious problem. The adsorption of macromolecules on carbon electrodes is considered to be caused by various kinds of interactions between the adsorbants and the electrode surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%