Thin and Small N-Doped Carbon Boxes Obtained from Microporous Organic Networks and Their Excellent Energy Storage Performance at High Current Densities in Coin Cell Supercapacitors

Abstract

This work reports the thinnest and smallest hollow N-doped carbon boxes among recently reported hollow N-doped carbon materials. Hollow and N-rich microporous organic networks (H-NMONs) were prepared by the azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition of tetra­(4-ethynyl­phenyl)­methane and 1,4-diazido­benzene on the surface of Cu2O nanocubes and the successive acid etching of inner Cu2O. The Cu2O nanocubes played roles of templates and networking catalysts. The networking reaction generated N-rich triazole rings in the MON. Heat treatment of H-NMONs under argon resulted in the formation of hollow N-doped carbon boxes (H-NCBs). The diameter and shell thickness of H-NCBs were 130 and 12 nm, respectively. The H-NCBs showed superior electrochemical performance in H2SO4 electrolyte as energy storage materials for supercapacitors, compared with that in KOH electrolyte. Among the H-NCBs, H-NCB-900 which was obtained by the heat treatment of H-NMON at 900 °C showed the best performance with capacitances of 286 and 251 F/g at current densities of 1 and 10 A/g in two electrode coin cell type supercapacitors and maintained the capacitances of 228 and 206 F/g at higher current densities of 50 and 100 A/g. Moreover, the H-NCB-900 showed excellent cycling stabilities with ∼95% retention of the first capacitance after 10 000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of H-NCBs can be attributed to their efficient N-doping, hollow structure, and thin thickness of shells.

The rise of morphology-engineered microporous organic polymers (ME-MOPs): synthesis and benefits

“…[51][52][53] ME-MOPs can be utilized as platforms for the synthesis of new functional materials. [54][55][56][57][58] For example, through the incorporation of various precursors into ME-MOPs, new inorganic and composite materials could be synthesized. Moreover, ME-MOPs can extend the application elds of MOPs.…”

“…17). 26, [54][55][56][57][58] First, the heat-treatment of the azide-alkyne click-based hollow MOP cubes under argon resulted in N-doped carbon nanocubes, showing excellent energy storage performance as electrode materials for supercapacitors (Fig. 17a and f).…”

“…[51][52][53] ME-MOPs can be utilized as platform materials for the synthesis of new functional inorganic and nanocomposite materials. [54][55][56][57][58] Moreover, ME-MOPs can open new application elds. [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] Whilst there have been recent reviews on the synthesis and application of MOPs, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]20 this review article focuses on the synthetic methods for ME-MOPs as well as the benets provided over conventional MOPs.…”

In situ fabrication of microporous organic network coated capillary column for high resolution gas chromatographic separation of hydrocarbons

“…The large surface area, good solvent and thermal stabilities, and tunable structures make MONs promising in diverse fields [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The Seung Uk Son's group reported the usage of MONs and their composites in catalysis [3][4][5][6], sensing [6], lithium ion batteries [8][9][10][11], and adsorption [12][13][14], underlining the broad application of MONs. Recently, Jia et al reported the metal-organic framework@MONs composite coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental samples [15], revealed the potential of MONs in analytical chemistry.…”

“…Microporous organic networks (MONs) are a recent class of porous materials synthesized via the Sonogashira coupling reactions between rigid organic building blocks . The large surface area, good solvent and thermal stabilities, and tunable structures make MONs promising in diverse fields . The Seung Uk Son's group reported the usage of MONs and their composites in catalysis , sensing , lithium ion batteries , and adsorption , underlining the broad application of MONs.…”