Thickness dependence of magnetic anisotropy in thin Ni films electrodeposited onto the (011) and (001) surfaces of n-GaAs

Gubbiotti, G.; Carlotti, G.; Tacchi, S.; Liu, Y.-K.; Scheck, C.; Schad, R.; Zangari, Giovanni

doi:10.1063/1.1846031

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In any case, the bulk anisotropy is negligible with respect to the dominating interface contribution [9]. Usually, the magnetic anisotropy constants in thin films are found to be larger than that of the bulk materials [9,10,25].…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There is increasing activity in experimental [8][9][10][11][12] and theoretical [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] investigations to study the magnetic anisotropy in thin magnetic films. The main anisotropy contributions in thin films are the dipole interaction and the surface or interface lattice anisotropy due to the broken symmetry [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, these effective anisotropies are layer dependent, since for thin films the relative magnetization itself is layer dependent [25]. Usually, the magnetic anisotropy constants in thin films are found experimentally to be larger than that of the bulk materials [9,10,[25][26][27][28]. Recently, Brune and co-workers [47] have introduced a method enabling the identification of the remarkably different contributions of surface and perimeter atoms to the magnetic anisotropy energy of two-dimensional nanostructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of magnetic surface anisotropy on the dynamic properties in ferromagnetic thin films

Wesselinowa¹

2006

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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A Green’s function technique is applied for the Heisenberg model to study the influence of the magnetic surface single-ion anisotropy on the spin wave spectrum including damping effects in ferromagnetic thin films. It is shown that the magnetic surface anisotropy strongly affects the thickness dependence of different quantities: for strong surface anisotropy, the magnetization, the spin-wave energy and the phase transition temperature TC are larger in thin films than in the bulk, whereas the opposite is true for small surface anisotropy. The magnetic surface anisotropy enhances the spin-wave damping. There is some competition between the surface single-ion anisotropy and the surface exchange interaction. The effect of an external magnetic field is discussed, too.

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of magnetic surface anisotropy on the dynamic properties in ferromagnetic thin films

Wesselinowa¹

2006

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…This is because of the reduction in the Ni layer thickness due to sputtering. It is known that, the variation of thickness in thin film drastically changes the magnetic properties, particularly the coercivity and saturation magnetization . In addition, the variation of Ni layer thickness changes the magnetic crystalline anisotropy, resulting changes in magnetic properties including the shape of hysteresis curve.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface and interface analysis of electrochemically synthesized ferromagnetic/semiconducting Ni/GaAs(001) thin film

Bhatt

Yusuf

2013

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Thin film of ferromagnetic (FM) metal (Ni) on a semiconducting substrate (GaAs), i.e. Ni/GaAs(001), has been synthesized using electrochemical method. The structural, chemical and magnetic properties at the surface and interface have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD)/grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity (GIXRR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) techniques, respectively. A crystalline peak observed at 44.4º in the XRD pattern, corresponding to Ni(111) Bragg peak, confirms the monocrystalline nature of the film. The atomic force microscopy image shows small-sized spherical crystallites uniformly deposited over the substrate. The fitted GIXRR pattern confirms a smooth Ni/GaAs(001) film surface with roughness of less than~5 AE 0.4 Å. The micro-structural parameters, such as film thickness, surface and interface roughness, and electron density, are found to be~230 AE 5 Å,~4.5AE 1 Å,~0.5 AE 0.02 Å and 6.38 AE 0.5 (Å À2 ), respectively. The chemical nature of the film at the surface and interface, investigated using a depth profile XPS technique, shows no diffusion of metallic Ga and As into Ni layer or vice versa, confirming a sharp FM/semiconducting Ni/ GaAs(001) interface. The magnetization behavior investigated using MOKE technique at room temperature shows a soft FM nature of the film with coercivity of~75 Oe at the film surface. However, coercivity was found to be~35 Oe at the interface. In addition, the saturation magnetization is also found to decrease at the interface with decreasing Ni layer thickness. The observed magnetization behavior is correlated with structural and chemical changes that occur at the interface of Ni/GaAs(001) film.

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“…Advantages of the method include fast growth, highly homogeneous structure and good adhesion of material to substrate. Magnetic properties of thin nickel films have been studied on the metal substrates [7][8][9] and little information is present for electrodeposited films on silicon [10,11] and GaAs [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulated media for nanoelectronic applications

Ognev

Sukovatitsina

Diga

et al. 2012

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. We report our experimental results on the structural and magnetic characteristics of nickel films electrodeposited on n-type (111) silicon substrates. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and magnetic hysteresis loops, we indeed find a nominal thickness for transition from island to continuous film before which the magnetization of nanoparticles of Ni is represented by vortex states. The evidence of nonuniform ground states in Ni granules has been proofed by micromagnetic simulations. After the formation of a continuous film, stripe magnetic domains are formed with spontaneous in plane magnetization. IntroductionAn investigation of magnetic nanostructures is interested from both fundamental and practical points of view. The possible magnetic configurations in such structures are vortex state or single domain state which are stable for a long time in the wide range of applied magnetic fields. Unique physical properties of magnetic nanostructures make them suitable to be used as magnetic recording media [1,2] and logic elements [3,4]. It is well known that magnetic configuration in a nanostructure depends not only on material properties, but on its shape. A lot of studies focus on 2D structures with different geometry, for instance, discs, rings, ellipses and etc. However, one can modify micromagnetic structure and magnetization reversal with manipulating lateral parameters of 3D nanostructures [5,6]. A cheap and effective method for fabrication of magnetic nanostructures based on "bottom-up" approach is electrodeposition of metals in an appropriative electrolyte under an adequate electrical potential between two immersing electrodes. Advantages of the method include fast growth, highly homogeneous structure and good adhesion of material to substrate. Magnetic properties of thin nickel films have been studied on the metal substrates [7][8][9] and little information is present for electrodeposited films on silicon [10,11] and GaAs [12,13].In this paper we report on an investigation of granular Ni films with different nominal thickness electrodeposited on Si(111) substrate. The deployment of silicon wafer as a substrate allowed excepting any seed layer. We show an evolution of micromagnetic structure and magnetic properties at the crossover from island-like to continuous Ni films.

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Thickness dependence of magnetic anisotropy in thin Ni films electrodeposited onto the (011) and (001) surfaces of n-GaAs

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of magnetic surface anisotropy on the dynamic properties in ferromagnetic thin films

Influence of magnetic surface anisotropy on the dynamic properties in ferromagnetic thin films

Surface and interface analysis of electrochemically synthesized ferromagnetic/semiconducting Ni/GaAs(001) thin film

Granulated media for nanoelectronic applications

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