Thick ice layers in snow and frozen soil affecting gas emissions from agricultural soils during winter

Bochove, Éric van; Thériault, Georges; Rochette, Philippe; Jones, H. G.; Pomeroy, John W.

doi:10.1029/2000jd000044

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The studied area has the most intensive livestock production of the watershed, which generates a surplus of nutrients. Slope of the fields in the studied area ranges from 0% to 9%, which increases the risk of surface runoff, soil water erosion, and the transport of sediments, phosphorus, and other contaminants (pathogens, herbicides, and trace elements) from agricultural land to streams [6]. Figure characteristics, were measured in 12 fields and are described in Tables 1 and 2.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Environmental conditions in spring can significantly affect water transport. Early snow accumulation on wet soils may result in more unfrozen soils [6], or shallowly frozen soils, that allow higher infiltration of water at spring melt which consequently decreases runoff [7,8]. Late snow accumulation on relatively dry soils with cold air temperatures will allow frost to penetrate deeper below the soil surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mapping Agricultural Frozen Soil on the Watershed Scale Using Remote Sensing Data

Khaldoune

Bochove

Bernier

et al. 2011

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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This paper presents an empirical model for classifying frozen/unfrozen soils in the entire Bras d'Henri River watershed (167 km 2 ) near Quebec City (Quebec, Canada). It was developed to produce frozen soil maps under snow cover using RADARSAT-1 fine mode images and in situ data during three winters. Twelve RADARSAT-1 images were analyzed from fall 2003 to spring 2006 to discern the intra-and interannual variability of frozen soil characteristics. Regression models were developed for each soil group (parent material-drainage-soil type) and land cover to establish a threshold for frozen soil from the backscattering coefficients (HH polarization). Tilled fields showed higher backscattering signal (+3 dB) than the untilled fields. The overall classification accuracy was 87% for frozen soils and 94% for unfrozen soils. With respect to land use, that is, tilled versus untilled fields, an overall accuracy of 89% was obtained for the tilled fields and 92% for the untilled fields. Results show that this new mapping approach using RADARSAT-1 images can provide estimates of surface soil status (frozen/unfrozen) at the watershed scale in agricultural areas.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Agricultural Frozen Soil on the Watershed Scale Using Remote Sensing Data

Khaldoune

Bochove

Bernier

et al. 2011

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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“…The static closed-chamber method has been used to evaluate CO2 emissions from farmland (e.g., van Bochove et al, 2001;Kusa et al, 2008;Shimizu et al, 2009). These reports described that the seasonal variation of CO2 flux peaked in summer with the highest soil temperature and that it was almost zero in winter with snow and soil frost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have measured soil CO2 concentrations (e.g., van Bochove et al, 2001;Hirano et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2005;Maljanen et al, 2007;DeSutter et al, 2008;Muhr et al, 2009;Liang et al, 2010). These studies revealed seasonal variations in CO2 concentrations; the CO2 concentrations peaked in summer and had been increasing during the snow-covered period, which suggests that the stored CO2 in the soil during the winter might be released to the atmosphere after the Full Paper J.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influences of snow cover and soil-frost on ground surface flux and soil gas concentration of CO2 in an agricultural land in northern Japan

Ohkubo

Yanai

Nagata

et al. 2011

J. Agric. Meteorol.

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Our main objective was to elucidate how snow cover and soil frost influenced CO2 dynamics over agricultural land. We observed the CO2 flux above the soil or snow surface continuously using the commonly used static-chamber method and the CO2 concentration in the soil on snow-removal plot and untreated control plot over agricultural land in northern Japan from September 25, 2009, to May 31, 2010. The recorded largest CO2 flux was 3.9 µmol m -2 s -1 and CO2 concentration in soil was 390-5000 ppm. Little CO2 flux was observed during the soil-freezing and snow-covered periods. The CO2 concentration had been increasing about 10 ppm day -1 during the soil-freezing period at the snow-removal plot. At the beginning of April, the CO2 flux increased temporarily up to 0.19 µmol m -2 s -1 after the snow melted entirely at the untreated control plot and up to 0.52 µmol m -2 s -1 after the soil had thawed at the snow-removal plot. Snow-melting and soil-thawing largely influenced on CO2 flux, irrespective of soil temperature. The data were not explained by conventionally used temperature response functions for CO2 fluxes in these periods.

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Freezing and Thawing Phenomena in Soils

Stähli

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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More than one‐third of the Earth's land surface is subjected to seasonal or permanent soil frost. The freezing and thawing of the soil may generate severe geotechnical, hydrological, and environmental problems, such as frost heaving, restricted infiltration, and enhanced overland flow. Each soil has its own specific freezing characteristic, primarily depending on texture and the prevailing solute concentration. Fine‐textured soils tend to form ice lenses at freezingthat causes the soil to heave. In coarse‐textured soil, on the other hand, the ice is more regularly distributed within the matrix. The behavior of the soil is always strongly linked to the prevailing meteorological conditions. The hydraulic conductivity of frozen soils is reduced, similar to very dry soils. Locally, this leads to reduced infiltration and delayed recharge to groundwater during snowmelt. For larger areas, for example, watersheds, the effect of frozen ground on infiltration and runoff is ambiguous, as a number of recent studies showed. This article summarizes current theories and recent investigations on soil freezing and thawing phenomena with a major emphasis on implications for hydrology.

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Thick ice layers in snow and frozen soil affecting gas emissions from agricultural soils during winter

Abstract: Abstract. We investigated soil and snow cover gas concentrations at two agricultural sites (St-Lambert; Chapais) in Quebec, Canada, during winter 1998-1999. Both sites showed frozen and unfrozen soils and complex snow cover structure. At St-Lambert we measured

Cited by 54 publications

References 34 publications

Mapping Agricultural Frozen Soil on the Watershed Scale Using Remote Sensing Data

Mapping Agricultural Frozen Soil on the Watershed Scale Using Remote Sensing Data

Influences of snow cover and soil-frost on ground surface flux and soil gas concentration of CO2 in an agricultural land in northern Japan

Freezing and Thawing Phenomena in Soils

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