Thick-film solid electrolyte oxygen sensors using the direct ionic thermoelectric effect

Röder-Roith, Ulla; Rettig, Frank; Röder, Timo; Janek, Jürgen; Moos, Ralf; Sahner, Kathy

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2008.12.024

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Up to now, we have only an assumption to explain the offset voltages. They may originate from the Seebeck coefficient of YSZ, which under these conditions is approximately 500 μV/K [28,29]. Hence, a small temperature difference between both electrodes of only a few K (for 5 K: 2.5 mV) might lead to such an additional voltage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Half-Cell Potential Analysis of an Ammonia Sensor with the Electrochemical Cell Au | YSZ | Au, V2O5-WO3-TiO2

Schönauer-Kamin

Fleischer

Moos

2013

Sensors

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Half-cell potentials of the electrochemical cell Au, VWT | YSZ | Au are analyzed in dependence on oxygen and ammonia concentration at 550 °C. One of the gold electrodes is covered with a porous SCR catalyst, vanadia-tungstenia-titania (VWT). The cell is utilized as a potentiometric ammonia gas sensor and provides a semi-logarithmic characteristic curve with a high NH3 sensitivity and selectivity. The analyses of the Au | YSZ and Au, VWT | YSZ half-cells are conducted to describe the non-equilibrium behavior of the sensor device in light of mixed potential theory. Both electrode potentials provide a dependency on the NH3 concentration, whereby VWT, Au | YSZ shows a stronger effect which increases with increasing VWT coverage. The potential shifts in the anodic direction confirm the formation of mixed potentials at both electrodes resulting from electrochemical reactions of O2 and NH3 at the three-phase boundary. Polarization curves indicate Butler-Volmer-type kinetics. Modified polarization curves of the VWT covered electrode show an enhanced anodic reaction and an almost unaltered cathodic reaction. The NH3 dependency is dominated by the VWT coverage and it turns out that the catalytic properties of the VWT thick film are responsible for the electrode potential shift.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Half-Cell Potential Analysis of an Ammonia Sensor with the Electrochemical Cell Au | YSZ | Au, V2O5-WO3-TiO2

Schönauer-Kamin

Fleischer

Moos

2013

Sensors

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“…A quite different measurement principle has been employed in an oxygen sensor presented by the groups of Janek and Moos (Germany) in 2009 [331]. Like the lambda probe, the sensor is based on YSZ.…”

Section: Functional Materials and Solid State Electrochemical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension

Funke¹

2013

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

142

102

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Solid State Ionics has its roots essentially in Europe. First foundations were laid by Michael Faraday who discovered the solid electrolytes Ag2S and PbF2 and coined terms such as cation and anion, electrode and electrolyte. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the main lines of development toward Solid State Ionics, pursued in Europe, concerned the linear laws of transport, structural analysis, disorder and entropy and the electrochemical storage and conversion of energy. Fundamental contributions were then made by Walther Nernst, who derived the Nernst equation and detected ionic conduction in heterovalently doped zirconia, which he utilized in his Nernst lamp. Another big step forward was the discovery of the extraordinary properties of alpha silver iodide in 1914. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the concept of point defects was established by Yakov Il'ich Frenkel, Walter Schottky and Carl Wagner, including the development of point-defect thermodynamics by Schottky and Wagner. In terms of point defects, ionic (and electronic) transport in ionic crystals became easy to visualize. In an ‘evolving scheme of materials science’, point disorder precedes structural disorder, as displayed by the AgI-type solid electrolytes (and other ionic crystals), by ion-conducting glasses, polymer electrolytes and nano-composites. During the last few decades, much progress has been made in finding and investigating novel solid electrolytes and in using them for the preservation of our environment, in particular in advanced solid state battery systems, fuel cells and sensors. Since 1972, international conferences have been held in the field of Solid State Ionics, and the International Society for Solid State Ionics was founded at one of them, held at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, in 1987.

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“…Interestingly, this brings us back where we started. If one uses ion-conducting YSZ as a thermoelectric sensor material, one finds a temperature independent behavior [123]. …”

Section: Future Prospect: Utilizing the Thermoelectric Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistive Oxygen Gas Sensors for Harsh Environments

Moos

Izu

Rettig

et al. 2011

Sensors

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Resistive oxygen sensors are an inexpensive alternative to the classical potentiometric zirconia oxygen sensor, especially for use in harsh environments and at temperatures of several hundred °C or even higher. This device-oriented paper gives a historical overview on the development of these sensor materials. It focuses especially on approaches to obtain a temperature independent behavior. It is shown that although in the past 40 years there have always been several research groups working concurrently with resistive oxygen sensors, novel ideas continue to emerge today with respect to improvements of the sensor response time, the temperature dependence, the long-term stability or the manufacture of the devices themselves using novel techniques for the sensitive films. Materials that are the focus of this review are metal oxides; especially titania, titanates, and ceria-based formulations.

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Thick-film solid electrolyte oxygen sensors using the direct ionic thermoelectric effect

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Half-Cell Potential Analysis of an Ammonia Sensor with the Electrochemical Cell Au | YSZ | Au, V2O5-WO3-TiO2

Half-Cell Potential Analysis of an Ammonia Sensor with the Electrochemical Cell Au | YSZ | Au, V2O5-WO3-TiO2

Solid State Ionics: from Michael Faraday to green energy—the European dimension

Resistive Oxygen Gas Sensors for Harsh Environments

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