Thick film growth of high optical quality low loss (0.1dBcm−1) Nd:Gd3Ga5O12 on Y3Al5O12 by pulsed laser deposition

May-Smith, T.C.; Grivas, C.; Shepherd, D.P.; Eason, R.W.; Healy, Matthew J. F.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2003.09.039

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Garnets are excellent laser host materials that in the past have been grown successfully via PLD by this group and others [4][5][6][7]. It has also been shown recently that two dissimilar garnets may be combined to yield a penternary single-crystal film [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of relative plasma plume delay on the properties of complex oxide films grown by multi-laser, multi-target combinatorial pulsed laser deposition

Sloyan

May-Smith

Eason

et al. 2009

Applied Surface Science

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We report the effects of relative time delay of plasma plumes on thin garnet crystal films fabricated by dual-beam, combinatorial pulsed laser deposition. Relative plume delay was found to affect both the lattice constant and elemental composition of mixed Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 (GGG) and Gd 3 Sc 2 Ga 3 O 12 (GSGG) films. Further analysis of the plasmas was undertaken using a Langmuir probe, which revealed that for relative plume delays shorter than ~200 µs, the second plume travels through a partial vacuum created by the first plume, leading to higher energy ion bombardment of the growing film. The resulting in-plane stresses are consistent with the transition to a higher value of lattice constant normal to the film plane that was observed around this delay value. At delays shorter than ~10 µs, plume propagation was found to overlap, leading to scattering of lighter ions from the plume and a change in stoichiometry of the resultant films.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of relative plasma plume delay on the properties of complex oxide films grown by multi-laser, multi-target combinatorial pulsed laser deposition

Sloyan

May-Smith

Eason

et al. 2009

Applied Surface Science

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“…This has been observed in our previous films [4], and is thought to be a consequence of the Ga deficiency; the occupation of some octahedral sites by Gd results in neodymium ions experiencing slightly varied crystal fields. EDX analysis of films grown with the same conditions revealed the films to have a composition of Gd3.5±0.1Ga4.5±0.1O12 (the concentration of Nd 3+ was too small to be detected).…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…A single-layer Nd:GGG film and a four-layer structure consisting of a Nd:GSGG core layer, YGG cladding layers and a YAG capping layer have been fabricated using a PLD system that has been described in more detail in a previous publication [4]. Both structures were deposited on YAG (100) substrates using multiple sequential deposition runs, and in the case of the single-layer film, these were used to build up a thickness greater than 70 µm so that the domed surface profile could be polished back to a more ideal planar structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability of a range of different garnets with slightly different refractive indices makes it possible to produce multilayer waveguides with custom refractive index profiles. Cores based on high index garnets such as GGG or GSGG on a YAG substrate allow the high numerical apertures that are required for efficient diode-pumping to be achieved.A single-layer Nd:GGG film and a four-layer structure consisting of a Nd:GSGG core layer, YGG cladding layers and a YAG capping layer have been fabricated using a PLD system that has been described in more detail in a previous publication [4]. Both structures were deposited on YAG (100) substrates using multiple sequential deposition runs, and in the case of the single-layer film, these were used to build up a thickness greater than 70 µm so that the domed surface profile could be polished back to a more ideal planar structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diode-pumped garnet crystal waveguide structures fabricated by pulsed laser deposition

May-Smith

Wang

Mackenzie

et al. 2006

2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

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Abstract:We report progress with diode-pumping of garnet crystal waveguide structures fabricated by PLD. Lasing has been achieved in a single-layer Nd:GGG film, and a four-layer structure with a Nd:GSGG core is currently undergoing laser trials.OCIS codes: (140.3530) Lasers, neodymium; (310.1860) Deposition and fabrication Planar waveguide laser structures suitable for diode-pumping present an efficient means of brightness enhancement and wavelength manipulation. The planar waveguide geometry is well suited to diode-pumping, and in particular, side-pumping offers the advantage of performing lasing, pumping and thermal management each on a unique axis. Single-layer devices greater than 50 µm in thickness can be utilised with high power diode-stacks with good coupling efficiency (>80%) [1], however the use of such large thicknesses results in an undesirable highly multimode output. The use of multilayered structures, as have similarly been successfully applied to optical fibres, provides the opportunity to pump with high efficiency into thick cladding layers whilst obtaining single-mode lasing from the smaller inner core [2].Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is an ideal fabrication technique for making custom designed planar waveguide structures, and the use of thick layers and cladding layers has the secondary advantage of reducing the detrimental effect of particulates [3], which can otherwise be complicated to avoid. The availability of a range of different garnets with slightly different refractive indices makes it possible to produce multilayer waveguides with custom refractive index profiles. Cores based on high index garnets such as GGG or GSGG on a YAG substrate allow the high numerical apertures that are required for efficient diode-pumping to be achieved.A single-layer Nd:GGG film and a four-layer structure consisting of a Nd:GSGG core layer, YGG cladding layers and a YAG capping layer have been fabricated using a PLD system that has been described in more detail in a previous publication [4]. Both structures were deposited on YAG (100) substrates using multiple sequential deposition runs, and in the case of the single-layer film, these were used to build up a thickness greater than 70 µm so that the domed surface profile could be polished back to a more ideal planar structure. In the case of the fourlayer structure, shorter deposition runs were used with different targets to build up the resulting multilayer structure that is shown by an SEM micrograph in Figure 1. The 50 µm thick Nd:GGG film was further processed to make a device and has undergone optical characterisation and laser trials. Polishing of the upper face and ends resulted in a film that was 50 µm in thickness and 7 mm in length. We have observed a significant amount of strain in films over 40 µm in thickness and this strain caused cracking to occur whilst polishing, and prevented all four sides from being adequately polished, leaving only the option of end-pumping. We believe the strain is caused by a Ga deficiency in the film which forces som...

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“…A CO 2 laser (10.6 μm wavelength, maximum output power of 30 W), with its beam homogenized by a ZnSe tetraprism [14], was used to heat the substrate from its unpolished rear side. This method provides uniform substrate heating without causing the entire chamber to heat up, which would otherwise increase desorption of contaminants from the chamber walls [15]. Using this CO 2 laser, the substrate was heated to a temperature of ~ 900 °C before deposition.…”

Section: Crystal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 115 W Yb:YAG planar waveguide laser fabricated via pulsed laser deposition

Grant-Jacob¹,

Beecher²,

Parsonage³

et al. 2015

Opt. Mater. Express

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: We present details of the homo-epitaxial growth of Yb:YAG onto a <100> oriented YAG substrate by pulsed laser deposition. Material characterization and initial laser experiments are also reported, including the demonstration of laser action from the 15 µm-thick planar waveguide generating 11.5 W of output power with a slope efficiency of 48 %. This work indicates that under appropriate conditions, high-quality single-crystal Yb:YAG growth via pulsed laser deposition is achievable with characteristics comparable to those obtained via conventional crystal growth techniques.

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Thick film growth of high optical quality low loss (0.1dBcm−1) Nd:Gd3Ga5O12 on Y3Al5O12 by pulsed laser deposition

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

The effect of relative plasma plume delay on the properties of complex oxide films grown by multi-laser, multi-target combinatorial pulsed laser deposition

The effect of relative plasma plume delay on the properties of complex oxide films grown by multi-laser, multi-target combinatorial pulsed laser deposition

Diode-pumped garnet crystal waveguide structures fabricated by pulsed laser deposition

An 115 W Yb:YAG planar waveguide laser fabricated via pulsed laser deposition

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