Thiamine Level in Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Comparative Study Focusing on Hematological and Biochemical Evaluations

Anwar, Adnan; Azmi, Muhammad Ahmed; Siddiqui, Jamil Ahmed; Panhwar, Ghazala; Shaikh, Farheen; Ariff, Madiha

doi:10.7759/cureus.8027

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…In conclusion, TD could play an effective role in improving hyperglycemia in T1D rats [ 16 , 55 ]. TD may affect insulin and glucagon secretion by increasing the expression of genes involved in pancreatic insulin secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical and experimental evidence has suggested that patients with insulin resistance in T1D may have abnormal glucagon action [ 3 , 15 ]. Thiamine or vitamin B1 is a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of sugars; [ 16 ] it is essential for the synthesis and secretion of insulin, and its level decreases in diabetes [ 17 , 18 ]. In thiamine deficiency, glucose is metabolized through metabolic pathways that can stimulate insulin resistance and the complications of diabetes [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of pancreas to improve hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats by thiamine disulfide

et al. 2022

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Background The present study investigated the effect of thiamine disulfide (TD) on the pancreas in terms of hyperglycemia improvement and insulin sensitivity increase in diabetic male rats. We also aimed to study the function of Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) and Glut2 (glucose transporter 2) genes in pancreatic tissue. Methods Type 1 diabetes was induced through injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats were divided into four groups, namely diabetic control (DC), diabetic treated with thiamine disulfide (D-TD), diabetic treated with insulin (D-insulin), and diabetic treated with TD and insulin (D-insulin+TD). The non-diabetic (NDC) and diabetic groups received a normal diet (14 weeks). Blood glucose level and body weight were measured weekly; insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucagon tolerance test (GTT) were performed in the last month of the study. The level of serum insulin and glucagon were measured monthly and a hyperglycemic clamp (Insulin Infusion rate (IIR)) was done for all the groups. Pancreas tissue was isolated so that Pdx1and Glut2 genes expression could be measured. Results We observed that TD therapy decreased blood glucose level, ITT, and serum glucagon levels in comparison with those of the DC group; it also increased serum insulin levels, IIR, and expression of Pdx1 and Glut2 genes in comparison with those of the DC group. Conclusion Administration of TD could improve hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetic animals through improved pancreas function. Therefore, not only does TD have a significant effect on controlling and reducing hyperglycemia in diabetes, but it also has the potential to decrease the dose of insulin administration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of pancreas to improve hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats by thiamine disulfide

et al. 2022

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“…Importantly, Adnan et al showed that thiamine levels were decreased in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and this may be a result of increased loss of thiamine in urine. 7 The main function of thiamine is to act as cofactor of several enzymes important for carbohydrate (transketolase [TKT], pyruvate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) and amino acid (branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase) metabolism. 8 Therefore, it has been suggested that individuals with diabetes will benefit from taking thiamine supplement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent Diabetic Ketoacidosis following Bariatric Surgery: The Role of Micronutrients

2021

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We report a case of a 29-year-old woman admitted twice to our hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) within 45 days following her bariatric surgery. The first admission required intensive care during her postoperative days after bariatric surgery. Subsequently, she continued to report high level of ketones on a daily basis. At her second admission, she presented with all three criteria of DKA. She was treated with a standard protocol for DKA, but ketones plasma level remained high despite significant improvement in pH and glycemic control. The administration of thiamine replacement was associated with normalization of the hyperketonemia. Thiamine deficiency can be associated with bariatric surgery and can lead to high ketone level in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

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“…The active form of thiamine, thiamine diphosphate, is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, antioxidants, and nucleic acids as well as for enzymes regulating glucose metabolism, such as pyruvate and oxoglutarate dehydrogenases and transketolase 283 . Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have significantly decreased plasma and serum thiamine concentrations in comparison to healthy controls 284,285 . Such thiamine deficiency can reinforce hyperglycemic damage and its compensation is able to prevent the activation of pathomechanisms underlying the development of diabetic complications 286–288 …”

Section: Role Of Biofactors In Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age‐related diseases

et al. 2021

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The present demographic changes toward an aging society caused a rise in the number of senior citizens and the incidence and burden of age‐related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases [CVD], cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], diabetes mellitus, and dementia), of which nearly half is attributable to the population ≥60 years of age. Deficiencies in individual nutrients have been associated with increased risks for age‐related diseases and high intakes and/or blood concentrations with risk reduction. Nutrition in general and the dietary intake of essential and nonessential biofactors is a major determinant of human health, the risk to develop age‐related diseases, and ultimately of mortality in the older population. These biofactors can be a cost‐effective strategy to prevent or, in some cases, even treat age‐related diseases. Examples reviewed herein include omega‐3 fatty acids and dietary fiber for the prevention of CVD, α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) for the treatment of biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, vitamin D for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, thiamine and α‐lipoic acid for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, and the role of folate in cancer epigenetics. This list of potentially helpful biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age‐related diseases, however, is not exhaustive and many more examples exist. Furthermore, since there is currently no generally accepted definition of the term biofactors, we here propose a definition that, when adopted by scientists, will enable a harmonization and consistent use of the term in the scientific literature.

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Thiamine Level in Type I and Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Comparative Study Focusing on Hematological and Biochemical Evaluations

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

The role of pancreas to improve hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats by thiamine disulfide

The role of pancreas to improve hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats by thiamine disulfide

Recurrent Diabetic Ketoacidosis following Bariatric Surgery: The Role of Micronutrients

The role of biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age‐related diseases

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