Thiacloprid suspension formula optimization by a response surface methodology

Abstract

A response surface methodology with four factors at five levels was adopted to optimize a model thiacloprid suspension concentrate.

Integrating uniform design and response surface methodology to optimize thiacloprid suspension

“…However, when a high amount of X 3 was added, the aqueous separation ratio dropped abruptly with the amount of X 4 . This result is significantly different from our previous finding16, in which response plots were illustrated under optimal conditions of independent variables. We suppose that maintaining moderate experimental conditions may be a more reasonable strategy for obtaining better predictive accuracy.…”

“…PE600, PE1602 and PE 1601 showed no significant difference in terms of flow points, though PE1601 was observed to possess the most favourable wettability. As shown in Figure S1 (Supplementary Information), a PE1601 molecule has an analogous structure to the segmented copolymer EO-PO-EO (Ethylene oxide - Propylene epoxide - Ethylene oxide), which enables it to act as a wetting agent16. Although the hydrophilic EO group provides favourable wettability, it can cause large quantities of foam.…”

“…Magnesium aluminium silicate was also a component capable of promoting the thixotropy of suspended systems. Moreover, our previous studies demonstrated that the physical stability of SCs can be significantly ameliorated by combining magnesium aluminium silicate and xanthan gum, mainly due to a synergistic effect16; thus, both were used to enhance the anti-settling properties of thiacloprid SC.…”

“…Currently, RSM has been widely applied in food chemistry, pharmaceuticals, material science, chemical engineering and other fields14. We have also demonstrated its favourable adaptability in pesticide formulations1516. However, the number of proposed conditions in RSM is excessive.…”

“…It shows high activity against sucking insects such as aphids, jassids and whiteflies2930. We successfully optimized a thiacloprid 25% SC using RSM in previous studies16, but the optimization capability of a uniform design with fewer experiments remained unknown. We adopted an integrative approach of uniform design and RSM in this work to determine its merits in optimizing the thiacloprid SC formula.…”