In this paper we investigate the (classical) weights of mod p Siegel modular forms of degree 2 toward studying Serre's conjecture for GSp4. We first construct various theta operators on the space of such forms a la Katz and define the theta cycles for the specific theta operators. Secondly we study the partial Hasse invariants on each Ekedahl-Oort stratum and their local behaviors. This enables us to obtain a kind of weight reduction theorem for mod p Siegel modular forms of degree 2 without increasing the level.