This randomised, double-blind, multicentre study with children nine-23 months old
evaluated the immunogenicity of yellow fever (YF) vaccines prepared with substrains
17DD and 17D-213/77. YF antibodies were tittered before and 30 or more days after
vaccination. Seropositivity and seroconversion were analysed according to the
maternal serological status and the collaborating centre. A total of 1,966 children
were randomised in the municipalities of the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas
Gerais and São Paulo and blood samples were collected from 1,714 mothers.
Seropositivity was observed in 78.6% of mothers and 8.9% of children before
vaccination. After vaccination, seropositivity rates of 81.9% and 83.2%,
seroconversion rates of 84.8% and 85.8% and rates of a four-fold increase over the
pre-vaccination titre of 77.6% and 81.8% were observed in the 17D-213/77 and 17DD
subgroups, respectively. There was no association with maternal immunity. Among
children aged 12 months or older, the seroconversion rates of 69% were associated
with concomitant vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella. The data were not
conclusive regarding the interference of maternal immunity in the immune response to
the YF vaccine, but they suggest interference from other vaccines. The
failures in seroconversion after vaccination support the
recommendation of a booster dose in children within 10 years of the first dose.