Thermosetting foam with a high bio‐based content from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and carbon dioxide

Abstract

A resilient, thermosetting foam system with a bio-based content of 96 wt % (resulting in 81% of C 14 ) was successfully developed. We implemented a pressurized carbon dioxide foaming process that produces polymeric foams from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). A study of the cell dynamics of uncured CO 2 / AESO foams proved useful to optimize cure conditions. During collapse, the foam's bulk density increased linearly with time, and the cell size and cell density exhibited power-law degradation rates. Also, low temperature foaming and cure (i.e. high viscosity) are desirable to minimize foam cell degradation. The AESO was cured with a freeradical initiator (tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethyl hexanoate, T i $ 608C). Cobalt naphtenate was used as an accelerator to promote quick foam cure at lower temperature (40-508C). The foam's density was controlled by the carbon dioxide pressure inside the reactor and by the vacuum applied during cure. The viscosity increased linearly during polymerization. The viscosity was proportional to the extent of reaction before gelation, and the cured foam's structure showed a dependence on the time of vacuum application. The average cell size increased and the cell density decreased with foam expansion at a low extent of cure; however, the foam expansion became limited and unhomogeneous with advanced reaction. When vacuum was applied at an intermediate viscosity, samples with densities $ 0.25 g/cm 3 were obtained with small (<1 mm) homogeneous cells. The mechanical properties were promising, with a compressive strength of $ 1 MPa and a compressive modulus of $ 20 MPa. The new foams are biocompatible.

Emulsion Polymerization of Tung Oil-Based Latexes with Asolectin as a Biorenewable Surfactant

“…As a result, numerous vegetable oil-based thermosetting resin systems have been recently studied [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Vegetable oil-based resins recently developed include polyester amides [7], and cyanate esters [8].…”

Effects of different epoxidation methods of soybean oil on the characteristics of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil-co-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer

“…According to Hazer and coworkers [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], vegetable oils were autooxidized by exposure to sunlight or daylight in air for a given time to produce epoxides, peroxides, peroxides, and hydroperoxides in the molecular chains and were also graft copolymerized by free radical polymerization with other materials such as methyl methacrylate and styrene. Recently, the vegetable oil-based polymers have been prepared by cationic, olefin metathesis and condensation polymerization reactions, including the use of 'click' chemistry and carbon dioxide [5,[34][35][36][37]. Acrylation of epoxidized vegetable oils is one of the interesting techniques for preparing the vegetable oil-based polymers.…”

“…Acrylation of epoxidized vegetable oils is one of the interesting techniques for preparing the vegetable oil-based polymers. The mechanical and thermal properties of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) have been reported [3,5,8,20,23,38,39]. It has been established that AESO shows higher mechanical properties than ESO [22,39].…”

Utilização de colas naturais para placas de derivados de madeira – uma síntese

“…Segundo vários investigadores [64][65][66][67] [31]. Exemplos de utilização para madeira incluem o óleo de linhaça epoxidado para criar uma resina que pode ser empregue como uma cola ou um material de revestimento superficial [68] e colas naturais à base de óleo de soja como substituto de resina de tipo poliéster em diversas aplicações [69]. Estas resinas podem ser vistas como potenciais substitutas de colas de fenol formaldeído e uretano, bem como de outros ligantes à base de petróleo em aglomerado de partículas, MDF, OSB, entre outras aplicações [31].…”