Thermoresponsive Nanogels Based on Different Polymeric Moieties for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

<jats:p>Nanogels, or nanostructured hydrogels, are one of the most interesting materials in biomedical engineering. Nanogels are widely used in medical applications, such as in cancer therapy, targeted delivery of proteins, genes and DNAs, and scaffolds in tissue regeneration. One salient feature of nanogels is their tunable responsiveness to external stimuli. In this review, thermosensitive nanogels are discussed, with a focus on moieties in their chemical structure which are responsible for thermosensitivity. These thermosensitive moieties can be classified into four groups, namely, polymers bearing amide groups, ether groups, vinyl ether groups and hydrophilic polymers bearing hydrophobic groups. These novel thermoresponsive nanogels provide effective drug delivery systems and tissue regeneration constructs for treating patients in many clinical applications, such as targeted, sustained and controlled release.</jats:p>

Exploration of Bioengineered Scaffolds Composed of Thermo-Responsive Polymers for Drug Delivery in Wound Healing

“…Furthermore, thermo-responsive polymers can be used as injectable biomaterials in the form of a hydrogel, as shown in Figure 6 [ 205 ]. This allows the in situ formation of scaffolds, minimizing the employment of invasive methods, and representing a novel and advanced drug delivery system especially for subcutaneous application [ 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 ].…”

Advancement of Nanobiomaterials to Deliver Natural Compounds for Tissue Engineering Applications

“…The fabrication methodology, potential role, and application of nanocarrier-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications are discussed in Table 1. A recent study suggested that the nanogel-based scaffolds play an effective role in tissue regeneration constructs for tissue engineering applications [124][125][126]. Pullulan-based nanogels were successfully synthesized and two different growth factors, such as human recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18), were loaded for effective bone repair in bone tissue engineering.…”

Micro and Nanogels for Biomedical Applications

“…Thermosensitive micro and nanogels are another type of versatile particles widely employed in stimuli responsive drug release applications [113][114][115][116]. Temperature sensitivity can be steadily imparted through micro and nanogels with various temperature responsive polymers that are included during particle synthesis are p(NIPAM) and poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) (p(NVCL)) as the most commonly used thermosensitive polymers [116,117].…”