Abstract:This work aims to synthesize novel thermoresponsive hydrogels from renewable resources, bacterial cellulose (BC), and castor oil (CO), and to investigate the effect of CO on physical and thermal behaviors of BC/Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels. The structural properties of the hydrogels are analyzed by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are also performed to examine the thermal properties of the hy… Show more
Recently, biomedicine and tissue regeneration have emerged as great advances that impacted the spectrum of healthcare. This left the door open for further improvement of their applications to revitalize the impaired tissues. Hence, restoring their functions. The implementation of therapeutic protocols that merge biomimetic scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and cells plays a pivotal role in this track. Smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels are remarkable three-dimensional (3D) bioscaffolds intended for tissue engineering and other biomedical purposes. They can simulate the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characters of the innate tissues. Also, they provide the aqueous conditions for cell growth, support 3D conformation, provide mechanical stability for the cells, and serve as potent delivery matrices for bioactive molecules. Many natural and artificial polymers were broadly utilized to design these intelligent platforms with novel advanced characteristics and tailored functionalities that fit such applications. In the present review, we highlighted the different types of smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels with emphasis on their synthesis scheme. Besides, the mechanisms of their responsiveness to different stimuli were elaborated. Their potential for tissue engineering applications was discussed. Furthermore, their exploitation in other biomedical applications as targeted drug delivery, smart biosensors, actuators, 3D and 4D printing, and 3D cell culture were outlined. In addition, we threw light on smart self-healing hydrogels and their applications in biomedicine. Eventually, we presented their future perceptions in biomedical and tissue regeneration applications. Conclusively, current progress in the design of smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels enhances their prospective to function as intelligent, and sophisticated systems in different biomedical applications.
Recently, biomedicine and tissue regeneration have emerged as great advances that impacted the spectrum of healthcare. This left the door open for further improvement of their applications to revitalize the impaired tissues. Hence, restoring their functions. The implementation of therapeutic protocols that merge biomimetic scaffolds, bioactive molecules, and cells plays a pivotal role in this track. Smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels are remarkable three-dimensional (3D) bioscaffolds intended for tissue engineering and other biomedical purposes. They can simulate the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characters of the innate tissues. Also, they provide the aqueous conditions for cell growth, support 3D conformation, provide mechanical stability for the cells, and serve as potent delivery matrices for bioactive molecules. Many natural and artificial polymers were broadly utilized to design these intelligent platforms with novel advanced characteristics and tailored functionalities that fit such applications. In the present review, we highlighted the different types of smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels with emphasis on their synthesis scheme. Besides, the mechanisms of their responsiveness to different stimuli were elaborated. Their potential for tissue engineering applications was discussed. Furthermore, their exploitation in other biomedical applications as targeted drug delivery, smart biosensors, actuators, 3D and 4D printing, and 3D cell culture were outlined. In addition, we threw light on smart self-healing hydrogels and their applications in biomedicine. Eventually, we presented their future perceptions in biomedical and tissue regeneration applications. Conclusively, current progress in the design of smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels enhances their prospective to function as intelligent, and sophisticated systems in different biomedical applications.
“…The pH of the solutions was adjusted by 1.0 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl to obtain the given range of pH. The kinetics of swelling were measured by taking the hydrogel out of the solution at defined intervals of time (5,10,15,20,30,60,180, 240 and 1440 min), then excess media was removed with filter paper and the weight recorded. The SR was determined by weighing the samples before and after immersion in distilled water for 24 h using the following Equation (2):…”
Section: Swelling Ratio (Sr) Under Various Conditionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hydrogels intended for agriculture primarily comprise soil conditioners for controlled moistening of the environment, which heightens the water holding capacity of the soil, supply water to plants to encourage growth and serve for the sustained release of fertilizers [ 3 , 4 ]. As a result of the emphasis on environmental protection in recent times, great interest has been shown in developing biodegradable hydrogels based on renewable bioresources (e.g., derivatives from agricultural crops or industrial by-products) [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Such environmentally friendly hydrogels have found various applications, including in agriculture, due to their low-cost, sustainability and biodegradability [ 6 , 8 ].…”
This study describes the development of a renewable and biodegradable biopolymer-based hydrogel for application in agriculture and horticulture as a soil conditioning agent and for release of a nutrient or fertilizer. The novel product is based on a combination of cellulose derivatives (carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose) cross-linked with citric acid, as tested at various concentrations, with acid whey as a medium for hydrogel synthesis in order to utilize the almost unusable by-product of the dairy industry. The water uptake of the hydrogel was evaluated by swelling tests under variations in pH, temperature and ion concentration. Its swelling capacity, water retention and biodegradability were investigated in soil to simulate real-world conditions, the latter being monitored by the production of carbon dioxide during the biodegradation process by gas chromatography. Changes in the chemical structure and morphology of the hydrogels during biodegradation were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The ability of the hydrogel to hold and release fertilizers was studied with urea and KNO3 as model substances. The results not only demonstrate the potential of the hydrogel to enhance the quality of soil, but also how acid whey can be employed in the development of a soil conditioning agent and nutrient release products.
“…In a recent study, acrylated methyl ricinoleate (AMR), a castor oil monomer, was used to create thermoresponsive hydrogels on glass surface for use in biochips, biosensors, and lab-ona-chip applications (Cakir Hatir & Cayli 2019). Another recent study demonstrated that bacterial cellulose and castor oil could be successfully combined to create thermoresponsive hydrogels (Isikci Koca et al 2020). In the present study, we aimed to synthesize and characterize novel biocompatible hydrogels derived from renewable resources.…”
Biocompatible hydrogels are used in a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue scaffolds, drug delivery systems, lab/organ-on-a-chips, biosensors, cell-culture studies and contact lenses. The demand for novel and functional monomers to be used in hydrogel synthesis is increasing as the number of biomedical applications and need for biomaterials increase. The purpose of the study was to develop novel hydrogels from renewable materials. Acrylated methyl ricinoleate, a plant oil-based monomer, was used as the renewable material. The effects of acrylated methyl ricinoleate/N-isopropyl acrylamide molar ratio on hydrogel structural properties, thermal stability and in vitro cytotoxicity were studied. FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the structural properties of the hydrogels, while TGA was used to characterize the thermal properties. HEK293 and Cos-7 cell lines were used to test the cytotoxicity of the monomers and hydrogels. IC50 values for acrylated methyl ricinoleate and Nisopropyl acrylamide were found to be greater than 25 mg/mL. Cell viability of hydrogels containing 50% or more acrylated methyl ricinoleate was greater than 60%, while hydrogel biocompatibility decreased with decreasing molar ratio of acrylated methyl ricinoleate. Cells showed a minimum viability of 80% when incubated in hydrogel degradation products. An environmentally friendly synthesis method was developed and novel biocompatible hydrogels from renewable materials were produced for biomedical applications.Özet: Biyouyumlu hidrojeller, doku iskeleleri, ilaç taşıyıcı sitemler ve biyosensörler dahil olmak üzere çeşitli biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanılmaktadırlar. Biyomedikal uygulamaların sayısı ve biyomalzemelere olan ihtiyaç arttıkça hidrojel sentezinde kullanılacak yeni ve işlevsel monomerlere olan talep artmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, yenilenebilir malzemelerden özgün hidrojeller geliştirmektir. Yenilenebilir malzeme olarak bitkisel yağ bazlı bir monomer olan akrillenmiş metil risinoleat kullanılmıştır. Akrillenmiş metil risinoleat / Nizopropil akrilamid mol oranının hidrojellerin yapısal özellikleri, termal dayanıklılıkları ve in vitro sitotoksisiteleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Hidrojellerin yapısal özelliklerini karakterize etmek için FTIR spektroskopisi kullanılırken, termal özellikleri karakterize etmek için TGA kullanılmıştır. HEK293 ve Cos-7 hücre hatları, monomerlerin ve hidrojellerin sitotoksisitesini test etmek için kullanılmıştır. Akrillenmiş metil risinoleat ve N-izopropil akrilamid için IC50 değerlerinin 25 mg/mL'den büyük olduğu bulunmuştur. %50 veya daha fazla akrillenmiş metil risinoleat içeren hidrojellerin hücre canlılığı %60'ın üzerinde iken, hidrojellerin biyouyumluluğu, akrillenmiş metil risinoleatın hidrojel içerisindeki mol oranı azaldıkça azalmaktadır. Hücreler, hidrojellerin bozunma ürünlerinde inkübe edildiklerinde minimum %80 canlılık göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, çevre dostu bir sentez yöntemi geliştirilmiş olup, biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanılmak üzere yenilenebilir malzemelerden öz...
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