Thermoplastic Composites Based on Renewable Natural Resources: Unplasticized PVC/Olive Husk

Abstract

The current study explores the potential of eco-friendly biomaterials, namely olive husk (OH) as a reinforcing filler for PVC composite. Thus, composite-based unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (u PVC) and olive husk were mixed by a Brabender two-roll mill at 180 C and 25 rpm. The olive husk concentration was progressively varied from 0-20 phr. The fabricated samples were inspected with respect to their tensile properties, impact strength, thermal stability, and density and water uptake. It has been found that stress at peak increased with filler loading up to certain loading. This scenario was related to hydrogen bond formation due to polar-polar interactions. Evidence of the hydrogen bond formation between the polymer matrix and the olive husk was examined with the aid of attenuated reflectance infrared spectra (ATR-IR). Such interactions were cited to justify the improved performance of the composites. Fracture mode and filler dispersion of the composites were compared to the unfilled counterpart by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of olive husk on the thermal stability of the PVC composites was studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). It has been found that the enthalpy of fusion was improved with OH loading. The observed trend was correlated with the phenolic hydroxyl group of the lignin component used as an antioxidant.

Carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber/hybrid filler composites

“…On the other hand the dipole-dipole interactions are confirmed in Figure 2b as well, the related absorption is the carboxylic acid at 1690-1725 cm -1 and the absorption at 3627 cm -1 related the N-H from the N of the quaternary ammonium salt of the NLS and the proton of hydroxyl group involved in H-bond, one more significant peak at 3275cm -1 that is related to the OH involved in H-bond. It is worth mentioning that we observed that the XNBR vulcanizate reinforced OSW showed only H-bond formation without any ester formation 7 . The formation of ester was detected in the presence of NLS as shown in the current work.…”

“…The sample showed the following elements as presented in Figure 1a, carbon 6 as C 1s peak, nitrogen 7 as N 1s peak, oxygen 8 20 as Ca 2p 3/2 , Ca 2p 1/2 , Ca 2s and Ca 3s peaks. The wide-scan and high-resolution C 1s XPS spectra of the OSW is shown in Figure 1b.…”

“…Annually thousands of tones of such material are thrown in the landfills as solid waste materials. In a previous investigations we studied the effect of unmodified OSW in toughened and rigid PVC consequently 7,8 . We found that the addition of OSW offers the possibility of improving tensile and flexural modulus of the wood-like composites by varying the filling level.…”

On the Correlation of Lignocellulosic Filler Composition with the Performance Properties of Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Based Biocomposites

“…Among them energy production, production of activated carbon, cosmetics industry, biosorbents production or animal feeding, are especially worth mentioning. OS have been also incorporated into manufacturing of WPCs, however mainly polyolefins and poly(vinyl chloride) were used as a matrices for such applications [6][7][8].…”

Bio-Mass Material as a Source of Micro-crystalline Cellulose by Strong Acid Treatments

“…Referring to agro-waste materials in Jordan, wheat straw (WS) and olive pomace (OP) are two common agricultural wastes they were used as building material, burned in the open atmosphere which produces a lot of CO 2 , further it is being used to feed animals especially the wheat straw. However, recently various attempts were made by us to produce MCC from olive pomace (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), but up to our knowledge no attempt has been made to extract MCC from the WS and. In this work MCC will be extracted from wheat straw (WS) by the removal of non-cellulosic components relying on mercerization treatment of the WS followed by hydrolysis technique.…”