Thermomicrobium, a New Genus of Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria

Jackson, Thomas J.; Ramaley, Robert F.; Meinschein, W. G.

doi:10.1099/00207713-23-1-28

Cited by 104 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…Bacillus stearothermophilus 1518s was obtained from P. Foegeding, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Thermus aquaticus (6) and Thermomicrobium roseum (9) were obtained from R. F. Ramaley, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Strains LEH-1 and NR-9 are obligately thermophilic organisms that are capable of growth either on n-alkane substrates or on more oxidized complex media (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology and Other Comparisons among Obligately Thermophilic Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria, with a Proposal for Thermoleophilum minutum sp. nov.

Zarilla

Perry

1986

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Bacterial strains in our culture collection similar to the recently proposed species Thermoleophilum album were examined for generic relatedness. We compared these obligately thermophilic hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria by determing the electrophoretic patterns of enzymes and soluble proteins and by using deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization techniques. Included in the hybridization study together with these strains were members of the genera Thermus, Thermomicrobium, and Bacillus. Our results confirmed that Thermoleophilum is a valid genus since no measurable reassociation was observed with the members of the other genera examined. There are two homology groups within the genus Thermoleophilum; T . album strain HS-ST (= ATCC 35263T) (T = type strain) represents the type species of the genus, and Thermoleophilum minutum sp. nov. is a second species proposed here. The type strain of T . minutum is strain YS-4 (= ATCC 35265).The isolation of gram-negative obligately thermophilic bacteria restricted to growth on a narrow range of n-alkane substrates has been reported previously (14,20). Based on the unique substrate specificity and the absence of phenotypic similarity to any of the previously described genera of obligate thermophiles, the genus Thermoleophilum was proposed (20). The type species was designated Thermoleophifum album. A complete description of the physiology and morphological characteristics of this organism has been presented elsewhere (14,20). Brief descriptions of this bacterium and other thermophilic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria are also presented in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (16). This study was undertaken to clarify the relationship between the type species of Thermoleophilum and a second species of the genus proposed here. This genus was also compared with other obligately thermophilic genera at the genomic level by using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization and by electrophoresing cell-free extracts to examine selected proteins and enzymes (8, 15). MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. Thermoleophilum album ATCC 35263T (T = type strain) and phenotypically related strains have been described previously (14,20). The sources of the strains related to Thermoleophilum examined are shown in Table 1. Bacillus stearothermophilus 1518s was obtained from P. Foegeding, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Thermus aquaticus (6) and Thermomicrobium roseum (9) were obtained from R. F. Ramaley, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Strains LEH-1 and NR-9 are obligately thermophilic organisms that are capable of growth either on n-alkane substrates or on more oxidized complex media (13). DNA hybridization. DNA was isolated and purified as described previously (20). Labeled DNAs were prepared by nick translation of chromosomal DNAs from strains HS-ST and YS-4T, using [cx-32P]deoxycytidine triphosphate (17). DNA reassociation reactions were performed as described * Corresponding author. t Paper no. 10016 of the journal series of the North Carolina Agricultural Re...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology and Other Comparisons among Obligately Thermophilic Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria, with a Proposal for Thermoleophilum minutum sp. nov.

Zarilla

Perry

1986

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…We cultured three bacteria to test for F 420 production Evolution and distribution of the cofactor F 420 B Ney et al under conditions that would promote aerobic, heterotrophic growth: O. carboxidovorans, an obligate aerobe and facultative lithotroph of the alphaproteobacterial order Rhizobiales (Meyer and Schlegel, 1978); P. denitrificans, a facultative anaerobe and facultative lithotroph of the alphaproteobacterial order Rhodobacterales (de Vries et al, 1989); and T. roseum, a thermophilic obligate aerobe and obligate heterotroph of the phylum Chloroflexi (Jackson et al, 1973). F 420 was detected in whole-cell lysates of all three bacteria as well as within the positive control M. smegmatis (Figure 3).…”

Section: Representatives Of the Proteobacteria And Chloroflexi Synthementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycobacterium smegmatis mc 2 155 (Snapper et al, 1990) was grown and maintained in lysogeny broth liquid media and agar supplemented with 0.05% (v/v) Tween 80. T. roseum (Jackson et al, 1973) cultures were grown in Castenholz salts solution supplemented with 5 g l − 1 peptone and 2.5 g l − 1 sucrose (Houghton et al, 2015). Liquid cultures (500 ml) of O. carboxidovorans, P. denitrificans and M. smegmatis were grown to early stationary-phase in 2-l Erlenmeyer flasks in a rotary incubator (200 r.p.m., 37°C).…”

Section: Metagenome Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The methanogenic redox cofactor F420 is widely synthesized by aerobic soil bacteria

et al. 2016

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F 420 is a low-potential redox cofactor that mediates the transformations of a wide range of complex organic compounds. Considered one of the rarest cofactors in biology, F 420 is best known for its role in methanogenesis and has only been chemically identified in two phyla to date, the Euryarchaeota and Actinobacteria. In this work, we show that this cofactor is more widely distributed than previously reported. We detected the genes encoding all five known F 420 biosynthesis enzymes (cofC, cofD, cofE, cofG and cofH) in at least 653 bacterial and 173 archaeal species, including members of the dominant soil phyla Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes. Metagenome datamining validated that these genes were disproportionately abundant in aerated soils compared with other ecosystems. We confirmed through high-performance liquid chromatography analysis that aerobically grown stationary-phase cultures of three bacterial species, Paracoccus denitrificans, Oligotropha carboxidovorans and Thermomicrobium roseum, synthesized F 420 , with oligoglutamate sidechains of different lengths. To understand the evolution of F 420 biosynthesis, we also analyzed the distribution, phylogeny and genetic organization of the cof genes. Our data suggest that although the F o precursor to F 420 originated in methanogens, F 420 itself was first synthesized in an ancestral actinobacterium. F 420 biosynthesis genes were then disseminated horizontally to archaea and other bacteria. Together, our findings suggest that the cofactor is more significant in aerobic bacterial metabolism and soil ecosystem composition than previously thought. The cofactor may confer several competitive advantages for aerobic soil bacteria by mediating their central metabolic processes and broadening the range of organic compounds they can synthesize, detoxify and mineralize.

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“…In contrast, others (Brock & Freeze, 1969;Jackson et al, 1973) reported that yeast extract can retard growth of some Gramnegative thermophilic bacteria.…”

Section: Pep T Idog Iy Can Compositions Of G R Am -N Ega T I Ve T H Ementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thermophilic micro-organisms, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive, have been isolated from thermal and non-thermal environments (Allen, 1953 ;Brock & Freeze, 1969;Farrell & Campbell, 1969;Kamaley & Hixson, 1970;Saiki et al, 1972;Jackson et al, 1973;Loginova & Egorova, 1974;Oshima & Jmahori, 1974;Pask-Hughes & Williams, 1975). Gram-negative thermophilic bacteria that can utilize hydrocarbon substrates as sole source of carbon and energy have been reported and two of these are unable to utilize any substrate except long-chain n-alkanes (Phillips & Perry, 1976;Merkel et al, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Peptidoglycan of Gram-negative Hydrocarbon-utilizing Thermophilic Bacteria

Merkel¹,

Stapleton²,

Perry³

1978

Journal of General Microbiology

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141Four Gram-negative, non-sporulating, aerobic, obligate thermophilic bacteria, isolated from non-thermal environments by enrichment with n-heptadecane as substrate, utilized n-alkanes, carbohydrates and organic acids as sole source of carbon and energy and also grew on complex media. The growth rate of these organisms, when utilizing n-heptadecane as substrate, was markedly increased by adding a low concentration (7.5 mg 1-l) of yeast extract. They grew optimally between 55 and 65 "C, and at a pH between 6.2 and 7.5. The mol yo G + C for all was between 5 1 and 58. On the basis of the amino acid and amino sugar compositions of their peptidoglycan, these organisms and other Gram-negative thermophilic bacteria can be divided into four distinct groups. Group A includes the newly isolated hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria which have nearly equimolar amounts of glutamic acid, alanine, diaminopimelic acid and glucosamine. Group B consists of obligate hydrocarbonutilizing microbes that have lower molar ratios of glutamic acid and diaminopimelic acid, and contain either ornithine or lysine. The previously isolated non-hydrocarbon-utilizing therinophiles (K-2, Thermus aquaticus YT-1, Thermus X-1) and a newly isolated organism from a hot spring comprise group C and contain glycine, ornithine, no diaminopimelic acid, and much lower molar ratios of glutamic and muramic acids than in groups A and B. Thmnowicrobiurn roseurn lacked peptidoglycan and is placed separately in group D.

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Thermomicrobium, a New Genus of Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria

Cited by 104 publications

References 5 publications

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology and Other Comparisons among Obligately Thermophilic Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria, with a Proposal for Thermoleophilum minutum sp. nov.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology and Other Comparisons among Obligately Thermophilic Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria, with a Proposal for Thermoleophilum minutum sp. nov.

The methanogenic redox cofactor F420 is widely synthesized by aerobic soil bacteria

Isolation and Peptidoglycan of Gram-negative Hydrocarbon-utilizing Thermophilic Bacteria

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