Thermomechanical properties of a toughened epoxy for impregnating superconducting magnets

Brennan, Anthony B.; Miller, Thomas M.; Arnold, J.J.; Huang, Keke; Gephart, N.L.; Markewicz, W.D.

doi:10.1016/0011-2275(95)90914-2

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Thermoset polymers, in general, are not well-suited for cryogenic applications since they often exhibit cracking at such low temperatures. Although there are some thermoset polymers which were specifically designed for cryogenic applications [3], thermoplastic polymers are a more logical matrix for cryogenic composites due to their high toughness which reduces the likelihood of cracking. Although the mixing of CNTs within a thermoplastic polymer matrix is challenging due to the relatively high viscosity, they remain a good choice because neither curing agents nor a curing process are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of non-functionalized multiwall nanotube reinforced polycarbonate at 77 K

Oliver

Bult

et al. 2008

Nanotechnology

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Mechanical properties of non-functionalized, multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polycarbonate composites are studied at room temperature and 77 K. Five sample groups are tested, ranging from 0 to 10.0 wt% CNT. The dispersion, interfacial bonding, bundling and CNT content, as well as the testing temperature, play a major role as regards mechanical properties. Mechanical testing shows increase in strength with increasing CNT content as well as an increase in Young's modulus and a decrease in ductility. The distribution of yield strength data for each sample group is analyzed using Weibull distributions. It is evident that interfacial debonding increases at low temperature. Higher CNT concentration samples are affected the most, which is reflected in a decrease in their impact on the mechanical properties at 77 K compared to RT. Scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces supports the interpretation of the measurement results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of non-functionalized multiwall nanotube reinforced polycarbonate at 77 K

Oliver

Bult

et al. 2008

Nanotechnology

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“…Specimens were immersed in liquid nitrogen and tested, leading to the conclusion that fiber reinforcements would be optimal for increased thermal shock resistance. Brennan et al [109] studied the possibility of using amine-curing systems but instead found that their developmental epoxy resins were superior in combining low viscosity with thermal shock resistance. Lastly, Rey et al [106] performed an in-depth study with the aim of selecting a resin for the CERN superconductor magnets.…”

Section: Superconducting Magnet Resin Impregnationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Adhesive Joints for Low- and High-Temperature Use: An Overview

Marques

Silva

Banea

et al. 2014

The Journal of Adhesion

156

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This work presents a review of several investigations on the topic of adhesive bonding at high and low temperatures. Durability and strength at extreme temperatures have always been a major limitation of adhesives that, given their polymeric nature, exhibit substantial degradation at temperatures where other structural materials (such as metals for example) have minute changes in mechanical properties. However, due to the inherent advantages of bonding, there is a large and continued effort aiming to improve the temperature resistance of adhesive joints, and this effort has been spread among the various topics that are discussed in this review. These topics include adhesive shrinkage and thermal expansion, adhesive properties, joint geometry optimization, and design techniques, among others. The findings of these research efforts have all found use in practical applications, helping to solve complex problems in a variety of high-tech industries where there is a constant need to produce light and strong components that can withstand large temperature gradients. Therefore, the final sections of this work include a discussion on two specific application areas that demonstrate the strict demands that extreme temperature use imposes on adhesive joints and the methods used to improve their performance.

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“…The type of epoxy used for the SCH outsert coil was developed in-house for the Ultra Wide Bore 900 MHz NMR magnet [9] which required a relatively high strength epoxy with good thermal shock resistance and adequate pot-life. In the end the epoxy contributed to it being free of training quenches.…”

Section: B Epoxymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Heat Treatment and Epoxy Impregnation of a Large <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$</tex></formula> CICC Coil for a Series-Connected Hybrid Magnet

Dixon

Adkins

Ehmler

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Recent activities that were conducted on the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Series-Connected Hybrid outsert coil included the reaction heat treatment and vacuum-pressure impregnation. A thermocouple was wound into the windings for diagnostic purposes during processing of the coil. To maintain a reasonable temperature differential across the coil, the ramp rate was limited to approximately 2.7 • C/hr. Epoxy impregnation was conducted with an epoxy developed in-house. The epoxy is transferred in vacuum but cured with one atmosphere gage pressure applied. Subsequently, the winding hardware was removed including the stainless steel mandrel through a machining operation. After assembly of voltage breaks and voltage taps, Paschen tests to 4 kV were conducted successfully that qualified the ground insulation. In addition, surge tests to qualified the internal insulation with 3 kV applied across the leads were conducted. Impedance measurements were conducted to confirm the internal insulation integrity.

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Thermomechanical properties of a toughened epoxy for impregnating superconducting magnets

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Mechanical properties of non-functionalized multiwall nanotube reinforced polycarbonate at 77 K

Mechanical properties of non-functionalized multiwall nanotube reinforced polycarbonate at 77 K

Adhesive Joints for Low- and High-Temperature Use: An Overview

Reaction Heat Treatment and Epoxy Impregnation of a Large <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$</tex></formula> CICC Coil for a Series-Connected Hybrid Magnet

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