Thermolysis, nonisothermal decomposition kinetics, calculated detonation velocity and safety assessment of dihydroxylammonium 5, 5′-bistetrazole-1, 1′-diolate

Abstract

Thermal decomposition study of dihydroxylammonium 5,5 0 -bistetrazole-1,1 0 -diolate (TKX-50) was investigated by using TG-DTG and TG-IR-MS and found that N 2 , N 2 O, NH 3 and H 2 O were the main products during the decomposition process. The kinetic parameters (Ea = 138.96 kJ mol -1 and A = 10 12.93 s -1 ) for thermal decomposition reaction of TKX-50 were obtained from DSC profile by differential method and integral method, and the nonisothermal kinetic equation of the exothermic process was da=dT ¼ ð10 12:93 =bÞ3ð1 À aÞ½À lnð1 À aÞ 2=3 expðÀ1:6713  10 4 =TÞ; suggesting that the main exothermic decomposition reaction mechanism of TKX-50 was classified as Avrami-Erofeev equation. In addition, the theoretical detonation velocity (D = 8804 m/s) of TKX-50 at 298.15 K was calculated by a simple method. Finally, the safety parameters of TKX-50 (25 kg) including time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions and self-accelerating decomposition temperature were calculated to be 142.12 and 129.01°C by using AKTS software.

Preparation, Characterization, Thermal Evaluation and Sensitivities of TKX-50/GO Composite

“…Dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50) is believed to be one of the most valuable high energy insensitive explosives (HEIEs) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] not only because of its low sensitivity, but high detonation performance, low toxicity and relatively low cost. On the basis of its good comprehensive properties, it is regarded as a promising candidate to replace widely used explosives such as hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) [3].…”

Crystal Morphology Modification of 5, 5′‐Bisthiazole‐1,1′‐ dioxyhydroxyammonium Salt

“…Its advantages make it a potential application prospect in the field of mixed explosives and solid propellants, which has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad. Due to these attractive advantages, many studies have focused on their synthesis and thermal properties . However, there are few reports on the morphology control of TKX‐50 crystals.…”

Stability of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5’‐Bistetrazole‐1,1’‐Diolate (TKX‐50) in Solvents

“…Therefore, estimation of the reactivity of TKX-50 in different environments and under different stimuli is sig-nificant for evaluating its security and its applications for weaponry. Recently, plenty of research has been focused on the thermal stability of TKX-50 in solid state [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In particular, the main purpose in the literature [20] is to determine the solubility of TKX-50 in different pure solvents by gravimetric method between 25 and 50°C, and the results show that the solubility in DMF has the strongest dependency on temperature.…”