In this paper, a simple and effective strategy was designed for colorimetric sensing of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) based on the morphological transition of silver nanoprisms (AgNPRs). The decomposition of O-O bond of BPO generated strong oxidant benzoyl oxide free radical, which could be first oxidized the silver atoms at the corner areas and the {110} facet of AgNPRs. With the increase of the BPO concentration, AgNPRs were oxidized to produce nanodisks and a blue shift of the in-plane dipole plasmon resonance peak could be observed. In addition, a distinct color change of AgNPRs solution from blue to purple, fuchsia, and finally colorless appeared with 10 min, which could be easily observed by naked eyes. Under the optimal conditions, a linear relationship between the blue shift of the in-plane dipole plasmon resonance peak and BPO concentration ranged from 2 to 80 μM with the detection limit of 0.47 μM. The practical applicability of this assay was verified by successfully determining BPO in flour samples with a good recovery, which demonstrated its great potentials in food safety field. Furthermore, a simple, inexpensive, and portable test kit for the visual detection of BPO in flour samples was also designed by utilizing agarose hydrogel as a visual detection platform. Thus, the proposed sensor provided a promising prospective candidate for the rapid detection and surveillance of BPO.