Thermogravimetric evaluation of PC/ABS/montmorillonite nanocomposite

Zong, Ruowen; Hu, Yuan; Wang, Shaofeng; Song, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.09.004

Cited by 81 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…7 illustrates the relationship between the activation energies and the degree of conversion. The activation energy values of pure PC and its nanocomposites generally show an increase with the degree of conversion and fall within the range of activation energies for PC degradation reported previously [7,26]. The activation energy values of the pristine PC are lower than that of the 98/2 w/w PC-zirconia nanocomposite, but they are almost the same above 40% mass loss.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Influence of the modification, induced by zirconia nanoparticles, on the structure and properties of polycarbonate

Motaung

Saladino

Luyt

et al. 2013

European Polymer Journal

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a b s t r a c tMelt compounding was used to prepare polycarbonate (PC)-zirconia nanocomposites with different amounts of zirconia. The effect of the zirconia loading, in the range of 1-5 wt.%, on the structure, mechanical properties and thermal degradation kinetics was investigated. The zirconia nanoparticle aggregates were well dispersed in the PC matrix and induced the appearance of a local lamellar order in the polycarbonate as inferred by SAXS findings. This order could be a consequence of the intermolecular interactions between zirconia and the polymer, in particular with the quaternary carbon bonded to the methyl groups and the methyl carbon as inferred from the NMR results. The presence of zirconia caused a decrease in the storage and loss moduli below the glass transition temperature. However, the highest amount of zirconia increased the modulus. The presence of zirconia in PC slightly increased the thermal stability, except for the highest zirconia content which showed a decrease. The activation energies of thermal degradation for the nanocomposites were significantly lower than that for pure PC at all degrees of conversion.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Influence of the modification, induced by zirconia nanoparticles, on the structure and properties of polycarbonate

Motaung

Saladino

Luyt

et al. 2013

European Polymer Journal

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“…As shown, the neat PC/ABS resin decomposed in a single-step process, whereas the PC/ABS/nano composites decomposed in a two-step process. A single-step decomposition in a TGA test of PC/ABS resin was also reported by Zong et al, 7 but we did not find any report on the two-stage decomposition of PC/ABS-clay nanocomposites. In a study on polypropylene/clay nanocomposites, 3 a two-step degradation process was not observed.…”

Section: Tgasupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Levchik and Weil 1 recently gave several overviews of FRs for PC and PC/ABS. Hu et al 7 studied the thermal stability of PC/ABS/montmorillonite nanocomposites and showed that PC/ABS/montmorillonite nanocomposites had a higher thermal stability and lower flammability. There is no available reports on the influence of triphenyl phosphate (TPP)-nanoclay hybrids on the fire retardancy and thermal degradation of PC/ABS blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a nanoclay/triphenyl phosphate hybrid system on the fire retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blend

Feyz

Jahani

Esfandeh

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of a hybrid system of nanoclay and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) on the fire retardancy of a polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) blend was examined in this study. The nanoclay in the polymers decreased the peak heat release rates (PHRRs) with no significant effect on the ease of ignition and times to extinguishment. Improvements in the flame retardancy were observed only when nanoparticles were used with conventional flame-retardant (FR) additives. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry, and limited oxygen index (LOI)/UL 94 (Underwriters Laboratory) testing were used to investigate the thermal degradation, fire behavior, and flammability of the materials. The results show that when we used a combination of TPP and nanoclay as an FR system, degradation of the polymer blends was reduced as the TGA curves shifted to higher temperatures. PHRR in cone calorimetry testing decreased from 1032 kW/m 2 for the PC/ABS blend to 300 kW/m 2 for the PC/ABS/(12% TPP-2% nanoclay) sample, and the LOI increased from 23 to 35%, respectively. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: [3435][3436][3437][3438][3439][3440][3441][3442] 2011

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“…The nano-dispersed lamellae of clay in polymer matrix may change the decomposition process of polymer since the nanodispersed silicate layers acted as thermal hinder in polymer matrix. The nano-dispersed silicate layers slow the decomposition rate and increase the temperature of degradation by acting as an excellent thermal insulator and mass transport barrier (Zong et al, 2004). Zong et al, 2005, studied the pyrolytic and thermo-oxidative degradation of ABS/PC alloy and ABS/PC/MMT nanocomposites by thermogravimetric analysis.…”

Section: Flame Retardancy and Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites of Engineering Plastics with Layered Silicate Nanofillers: Preparation and Study of Microstructure and Thermomechanical Properties

Tarantili¹

2011

Nanocomposites and Polymers With Analytical Methods

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Polymer nanocompositesPolymer/layered silicate nanocomposites have recently attracted a great deal of interest because of their unique properties, such as enhanced mechanical property, increased thermal stability, improved gas barrier properties and reduced flammability. According to the arrangement of silicate layers within the polymer matrix, two types of morphology can be achieved in nanocomposites: namely intercalated or exfoliated structures. Exfoliated structures have been well recognized as superior morphology for high performance at lower clay loadings, but are difficult to achieve. Attempts to improve processability and ensure efficient dispersion of the above fillers have led to modifications, e.g. with quaternary ammonium surfactants, which is expected to increase the inter-gallery spacing and provide enough hydrophobicity to clay particles in order to make them miscible with the polymer matrix. A typical example is sodium montmorillonite (MMT), one of the most commonly used clays, which is hydrophilic and therefore shows restricted compatibility with many polymers. To obtain good interfacial adhesion for improved mechanical properties, the clay needs to be modified prior to incorporating into the usual organophilic polymer matrices. Clay modification can be achieved by an ion exchange reaction with organophilic cations (Utracki, 2004). There are two reasons for this modification: (i) the addition of an intercalating agent to increase the space between the layered silicates and make it more uniform and (ii) the addition of small organic molecules bonded to silicates to make MMT more miscible with the polymer matrix. Therefore, polymer molecules are allowed to enter the enlarged intergallery of silicates for further intercalation or exfoliation. In general the intercalated agents are small molecules of cationic surfactant, such dodecyl ammonium chloride and 1-hexadecyl ammonium blomide. Clay possesses net negative charge on its lamellar surface and, therefore, it can absorb cations, such as Na + or Ca 2+ . Alkyl ammonium ions can replace metal cations through a cation exchange process and occupy the gallery space between nanoscaled layers of the clay to alter the original silicate surface from hydrophilic to organophilic (Burnside and www.intechopen.com Nanocomposites and Polymers with Analytical Methods 150Giannelis, 1995). Because of the negative charge of the silicate layer, the cations head group of an alkyl ammonium molecule preferentially resides at the layer surface with the aliphatic tails being removed from the surface (Chen and Yoon, 2005). Nanocomposites can be prepared by solvent casting, by in situ polymerization or by melt compounding (Pinnavaia & Beall, 2002). So far, melt intercalation method has been the most commonly used procedure because of advantages especially in terms of commercial versatility and mass production ability. Three types of polymer/clay composites are usually recognized: a)"conventional composites", in which the clay is added as a common filler, b)"intercalated nanoc...

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Thermogravimetric evaluation of PC/ABS/montmorillonite nanocomposite

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of the modification, induced by zirconia nanoparticles, on the structure and properties of polycarbonate

Influence of the modification, induced by zirconia nanoparticles, on the structure and properties of polycarbonate

Effect of a nanoclay/triphenyl phosphate hybrid system on the fire retardancy of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blend

Composites of Engineering Plastics with Layered Silicate Nanofillers: Preparation and Study of Microstructure and Thermomechanical Properties

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