Thermogravimetric and DSC testing of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

Mróz, Patrycja; Białas, Sylwia; Mucha, Maria; Kaczmarek, Halina

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2013.09.012

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Particles of three and four stacked platelets were also often observed as shown in Figure 3b,c. The combination of polymer and C30B at nanoscale often results in remarkably improved mechanical and thermal properties in comparison to pure polymers or conventional composites [9]. …”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLA has mechanical properties similar to PET, but has a processing temperature that is significantly lower than PET (polyethylene terephthalate). It has been found that the addition of exfoliated montmorillonite (MMT) clays as filler in composites changes the thermal and mechanical properties compared to PLA without filler [5,9,10]. The nature of the two immiscible components (PLA and MMT) requires the use of organic modifiers in the silicate sheets, which facilitates the dispersion of the filler, achieving the desired properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the organomodified MMT type CloisiteC30B (C30B) significantly improves the mechanical properties of the PLA nanocomposites [4,12,13]. The combination of PLA and C30B, at nanoscale, often results in remarkably improved mechanical and thermal properties with respect to pure polymers or conventional composites [9]. Furthermore, the molecular weight of PLA is an important property as a degradation indicator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Artificial Weathering on PLA/Nanocomposite Molecular Weight Distribution

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The reduction of polylactide acid (PLA) molecular weight for amorphous and semicrystalline grade nanocomposites with 5 wt% load of organomodified montmorillonite Cloisite30B (C30B) was investigated in periods of up to 360 h under artificial weathering. A correlation between artificial and natural weathering was established. The nanocomposites were prepared by mixing the C30B in PLA matrix using two stages of extrusion followed by injection molding. In addition, we also studied materials without C30B in PLA matrix prepared by a single stage of injection, as well as with two stages of extrusion followed by injection, in order to assess thermal effects. XRD (X-ray diffraction) and TEM (Transmission electron microscope) were used to determine the layer dispersion of the C30B within the PLA. An increase in the interlayer spacing of a sandwich structure corresponding to a partial exfoliation of the C30B was found, leading to the creation of OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2015, 7 761 small particles at nanoscale of one (1.29 nm) to eight (11.76 nm) platelets. Also, GPC (Gel permeation chromatography) was used to evaluate the molecular weight decay of neat PLA and its nanocomposites due to thermal processing and subsequent artificial weathering exposure. From thermal processing, a more significant decrease of polydispersity in amorphous PLA than in semicrystalline PLA counterparts could be observed. First order fitting of molecular weight decay of samples versus time of exposure under artificial weathering was found for all materials tested. It was observed that the addition of clay favored PLA degradation in amorphous PLA, in comparison with semicrystalline PLA in both thermal processing and artificial weathering. Moreover, a possible effect of C30B interactions with PLA chains under artificial weathering could be postulated.

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Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Artificial Weathering on PLA/Nanocomposite Molecular Weight Distribution

et al. 2015

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“…Various types of nanofillers have been considered as reinforcing agents to PLA matrix in order to enhance thermal resistance, fire resistance and mechanical properties [4]. Among them were fillers such as montmorillonite, sepiolite, halloysite, silica, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoceluloses, starch, silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide, as well as titanium dioxide [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inorganic fillers such as silica are attractive reinforcements that are able to significantly improve thermal, mechanical and also chemical properties of PLA-based biocomposites [4,5]. Its valuable physicochemical properties along with high surface are the reasons for its widespread use [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermolecular structure and nucleation ability of polylactide-based composites with silica/lignin hybrid fillers

Grząbka-Zasadzińska

Kłapiszewski

Bula

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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In this paper, amorphous silica Syloid 244 and kraft lignin were mechanically coupled. Four hybrid materials containing silica and lignin in ratios 1:1, 2:1, 5:1 and 20:1 were prepared. As reference samples for hybrid fillers pristine silica and lignin were used. Particle size determination and microscopic observations were applied to determine dispersive and morphological properties of hybrid fillers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the effective preparation of silica/lignin hybrid materials. The parameters of porous structure of examined hybrid filler were determined using the multipoint Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda algorithm. Composite samples of polylactide (PLA) containing 2.5 % (w/w) of hybrid filler were extruded. Optical microscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry were applied to specify the supermolecular structure of functional PLA/hybrid composites and analyze the crystallization parameters as well as the phase transformation in PLA matrix. Silica/lignin hybrid material was found to be a filler capable of an effective crystal nucleation. The nucleating ability of silica/lignin hybrid filler in PLA matrix is related to porous properties of filler and its composition.

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Chitosan from Muga silkworms (Antheraea assamensis) and its influence on thermal degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) based biocomposite films

Pal

Das

Katiyar

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The research work is focused on extraction of chitin from Muga silkworms (MS) and its conversion into chitosan by chemical treatment process. The extracted amount of chitin and chitosan from MS were obtained 8 wt % and 7 wt %, respectively. Potentiometric titrations, conductometric titrations, elemental analysis, 1 H-NMR and FTIR analyses were employed to calculate the degree of deacetylation of chitosan (extracted at 80 C after 10 h) and found as 77% 6 2, 81% 6 1.8, 82% 6 2.4, 97.77% 6 0.3, and 82% 6 1.8, respectively. The deacetylation process of chitin showed pseudo-first order reaction kinetics and activation energy was estimated as 15.5 kJ/mole. The extracted chitosan (at 80 C after 10 h) showed higher crystallinity and improved thermal stability with respect to chitosan extracted from other marine sources. Subsequently, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and extracted chitosan dispersed biocomposite films were prepared by solution casting method. Significant dispersion of chitosan (extracted at 80 C after 10 h) micro-particles were observed in biocomposite films using FESEM analysis. Due to chitosan interaction with PLA, significant reduction in thermal degradation and activation energy was observed during nonisothermal degradation scan of such films using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose models.

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Thermogravimetric and DSC testing of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Artificial Weathering on PLA/Nanocomposite Molecular Weight Distribution

Effect of Artificial Weathering on PLA/Nanocomposite Molecular Weight Distribution

Supermolecular structure and nucleation ability of polylactide-based composites with silica/lignin hybrid fillers

Chitosan from Muga silkworms (Antheraea assamensis) and its influence on thermal degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) based biocomposite films

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