Thermogravimetric Analysis of Modified Montmorillonite Clay for Mycotoxin Decontamination in Cereal Grains

Abstract

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the stability of nanoformulations used for the decontamination of mycotoxins. The TGA patterns of the nanoformulations from montmorillonite clay and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) extracts were assessed with temperature ranging from ambient (20°C) to 1000°C. The various nanoformulations studied included unmodified montmorillonite clay (Mont), montmorillonite washed with sodium chloride (Mont-Na), montmorillonite mixed with lemongrass essential oil (Mont-LGEO), and montmorillonite mixed with an equal quantity of lemongrass powder (Mont-LGP). There was no significant difference in the median of the various nanoformulations within 4 weeks at p < 0.05 using the Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test. For the TGA, the first degradation for montmorillonite clay and the nanoformulations occurred at a temperature between 80 and 101°C and was attributed to the loss of lattice water outside the coordination sphere with a range of 3.5–6.5% weight loss. The second degradation occurred within the temperature of 338 to 344°C, and the third, at a temperature between 640 and 668°C for Mont and the formulations of Mont-Na, Mont-LGEO, and Mont-LGP. There were strong similarities in the degradation patterns of Mont and Mont-Na with the minimum difference being the relatively higher weight loss of the sodium-exchanged cation for Mont-Na at the third degradation step. Hence, the order of stability from the most resistant to the least resistant to degradation is as follows: Mont-LGEO ≥ Mont-Na ≥ Mont ≥ Mont-LGP.

Red mud waste/nanoclay/polystyrene‐modified epoxy hybrid composites: Mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties

“…However, the decrease in the T 10 value may be due to voids, which were in a small number in the structure. 65 As reported by Olopade et al, 66 MMT clay contains water, so its initial degradation starts around 100 C, the second degradation was observed at 345.90 C, while the third occurred at 641.89 C. Accordingly, adding 2 wt% NC to the EPN-PS matrix increased all thermal values, including residual. Miyagawa and Drzal 67 showed that the montmorillonite type NC residue percentage is over 60% and its thermal stability is affected by different chemical structures of ammonium salts modifiers.…”

“…However, the decrease in the T 10 value may be due to voids, which were in a small number in the structure 65 . As reported by Olopade et al, 66 MMT clay contains water, so its initial degradation starts around 100°C, the second degradation was observed at 345.90°C, while the third occurred at 641.89°C. Accordingly, adding 2 wt% NC to the EPN‐PS matrix increased all thermal values, including residual.…”

Chemical Composition, Bioactive Potential, and Thermal Behaviour of Cyperus scariosus Essential Oil

“…Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), is a type of thermal analysis that evaluates changes in physical and chemical properties of materials as temperature rises [23]. Thermogravimetric analysis is critical for determining the stability and mass loss of essential oils as temperatures rise, it also aids in identifying the nature of the reaction that occurs as a result of high temperatures, resulting in sample disintegration or mass loss [24]. The thermogram derived from the thermogravimetric investigation is depicted in Fig.…”

Removal of Aniline from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption on a Modified Montmorillonite Clay Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

“…3-5. The first degradation for clay 3-untreated was observed at 88.9°C which was caused by a loss of hydration in the formulations water 46 , the second degradation was observed at 505.7°C, while the third degradation occurred at 712.5°C as shown in Fig. 3.…”