Thermogravimetric analysis of hazardous waste: Pet-coke, by kinetic models and Artificial neural network modeling

Prabhakaran, S P Sathiya; Swaminathan, G.; Joshi, Viraj V.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119470

Cited by 24 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Researchers have already conducted some studies associated with the pyrolysis of PET, [16][17][18][19][20][21] and different pyrolysis systems can produce different products. Artetxe et al used the spouted bed reactor to study the pyrolysis process of PET based on the rapid pyrolysis concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PETpyrolysis and hydrolysis mechanism in the fixed pyrolyzer

Song

Huo

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pyrolysis process, the formation of char by excessive pyrolysis is mainly due to the dehydration mechanism, so water is considered an auxiliary agent that can effectively inhibit excessive pyrolysis. The preparation of terephthalic acid (TPA) by steam‐assisted pyrolysis of PET is an effective method to achieve closed‐loop recycling of waste PET. To ensure that the reaction is mild enough to reduce excessive cracking products such as char and benzoic acid and thus increase the yield of TPA, it is critical to reduce the reaction rate while maintaining a sufficient excess steam coefficient. Under the optimal operating conditions, when the temperature rise rate was 0.5 °C min−1 and the excess steam coefficient was 150, the yield of TPA was 72.5 wt.%, and the purity was 85.5%. Noticeably, the steam‐assisted pyrolysis system is a heterogeneous reaction system whose reaction mechanism is different from the conventional hydrolysis and pyrolysis reactions and has a unique reaction path. The mechanistic study indicates that, in addition to the thermal cracking of PET molecules occurring in conventional pyrolysis, hydroxyl attack and transfer, and supplementation of benzene ring hydrogen also occur between water and intermediate molecules. Meanwhile, it has also been proven that the intermolecular hydrogen transfer between intermediate molecules and water molecules is the key to reduce the intensity of the reaction and inhibit the formation of char. This discovery illustrates the mechanism of the reaction between water and PET in the steam‐assisted pyrolysis process in the fixed pyrolyzer and justifies the distinction between it and the pyrolysis and hydrolysis processes of PET. It provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the pyrolysis process of PET, which is essential for the industrialization of TPA preparation from PET steam‐assisted pyrolysis.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PETpyrolysis and hydrolysis mechanism in the fixed pyrolyzer

Song

Huo

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Resistance characteristics and particle movement behavior of a petroleum coke particle packed bed in a vertical shaft calciner under different burden distribution methods

Huang,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because of the increasingly deteriorating quality of petroleum coke raw materials, abnormal furnace conditions, such as “firing and blasting”, frequently arise during the calcination of petroleum coke with a high powder/coke ratio in a vertical shaft calciner. This poses an urgent technical challenge that needs to be addressed. In iron and steel metallurgy, the burden distribution system is an important way to regulate blast furnace conditions and improve the permeability of a particle packed bed. In this work, advanced burden distribution concepts were introduced into the calcination process of petroleum coke in a vertical shaft calciner. Experimental devices were established to determine the resistance characteristics of a petroleum coke particle packed bed, along with a cold physical model of a 1/8 scale vertical shaft calciner. The influence of particle size and burden distribution methods on the resistance characteristics and particle motion behavior of the petroleum coke particle packed bed was systematically studied. The research findings indicate that both particle size and burden distribution methods significantly impact the resistance characteristics of petroleum coke particle packed beds. The smaller the particle size, the poorer the permeability of the bed. The layered burden distribution, symmetrical burden distribution, and dual‐particle mixed conventional burden distribution all contribute to improving the permeability of the petroleum coke particle packed bed in the vertical shaft calciner. Furthermore, employing symmetrical burden distribution in Bed‐3, which is packed with petroleum coke particles of diameters −3.2 + 2.5 mm and −1.0 + 0.8 mm, results in the smallest unit pressure drop, at only 1.7% of that of the conventional burden distribution of unscreened raw materials. This is the most effective means of improving the permeability of the bed. During the discharging process, particle size and symmetrical burden distribution have no significant impact on the motion characteristics of petroleum coke particles in the vertical shaft calciner. In general, in the calciner area, particles primarily move in a plug flow pattern and gradually transform into funnel flow in the cooling water jacket area. These research results provide the theoretical basis for addressing the technical challenges associated with powder coke calcination in vertical shaft calciners through reasonable burden distribution methods for fine and coarse particles.

show abstract

Thermal degradation studies and hybrid neural network modelling of eutectic phase change material composites

Balasubramanian

Kottala

Prabhakaran

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Using a thermogravimetric analyzer, the thermal stability of pure eutectic phase change material (PEPCM) (LiNO3 + NaCl) and composite eutectic PCM (CEPCM) mixture (ie, PCM containing 9% expanded graphite [EG]) was examined. PEPCM and CEPCM degradation kinetics were studied using model free kinetics methods. The activation energy of both PCM samples was evaluated using the Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO), Starink, Friedman and Vyazovkin kinetic models. The calculated activation energies for Vyazovkin, Frideman, Ozawa, KAS and Starink techniques for PEPCM were 80.62‐149.2, 108.1‐180.18, 83.74‐136.17, 73.55‐127.02 and 74.64‐149.9 kJ/mol, respectively. Likewise, the activation energy of CEPCM vary between 59.4‐161.41, 83.97‐188.69, 57.1‐147.32, 54.19‐137.43 and 55‐160.65 kJ/mol. Hybrid neural networks such as ANN‐PSO and ANFIS were used to model the degradation of PCM samples. The type of PCM, the heating rate, and the temperature were applied as input parameters, while the sample's mass loss was utilized as an output parameter. The created hybrid models are capable of effectively predicting experimental TGA data.

show abstract

Thermogravimetric analysis of hazardous waste: Pet-coke, by kinetic models and Artificial neural network modeling

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

PETpyrolysis and hydrolysis mechanism in the fixed pyrolyzer

PETpyrolysis and hydrolysis mechanism in the fixed pyrolyzer

Resistance characteristics and particle movement behavior of a petroleum coke particle packed bed in a vertical shaft calciner under different burden distribution methods

Thermal degradation studies and hybrid neural network modelling of eutectic phase change material composites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About