Thermogravimetric Analysis of Clay and Clay-Like Minerals

Mielenz, Richard C.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1953.0020124

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Excess high-temperature water is one of the properties originally listed by Grim, Bray, and Bradley (1937) as characteristic of illite. Mielenz, Schieltz, and King (1954) illustrate TGA curves that, if interpreted in the same way as for montmorillonite in this paper, indicate high-temperature water contents that are 1-8 per cent more than ideal for Fithian illite and 0-7 per cent more than ideal for Manito nontronite. The TGA curves illustrated by Ross and Hendricks (1945. p. 51) for three nontronites indicate water loss above 300~ close to the ideal 4(OH).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Lithium and Potassium Absorption, Dehydroxylation Temperature, and Structural Water Content of Aluminous Smectites

Schultz

1969

Clays and clay miner.

171

105

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Abstract-X-ray analysis of Li +-and K~-saturated samples, differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and chemical analysis of 83 samples enable a distinction to be made between Wyoming, Tatatilla, Otay, Chambers, and non-ideal types of montmorillonite, and between ideal and non-ideal types of beidellite. The Greene-Kelly Li+-test differentiates between the montmorillonites and beidellites. Re-expansion with ethylene glycol after K+-saturation and heating at 300~ depends upon total net layer charge and not upon location of the charge. Wyoming-type montmorillonites characteristically have low net layer charge and re-expand to 17 A,. whereas most other montmorillonites and beidellites have a higher net layer charge and re-expand to less than 17 *.Major differences in dehydroxylation temperatures cannot be related consistently to the amount of AI :~ -for-Si ~+ substitution, nor to the amount of Mg. Fe. type of interlayer cations, or particle size. The major factor controlling temperature of dehydroxylation seems to be the amount of structural (OH). Of 19 samples analyzed by [GA. montmorillonites and the one ideal beidellite that give dehydroxylation endotherms on their DTA curves between 650 ~ and 760~ all contain nearly the ideal amount of 4(OH) per unit cell, but the non-ideal montmorillonites and beidellites that give dehydroxylation peaks between 550 ~ and 600~ do not. Non-ideal beidellites contain more than the ideal amount of structural (OH) and non-ideal montmorillonites seem to contain less, although the low temperature of dehydroxylation of the latter could also be due to other structural defects. Change in X-ray diffraction intensity of the 001 reflection during dehydroxylation suggests that the extra (OH) of beidellite occurs at the apex of SiO~ or AIO4 tetrahedrons with the H ~ of the (OH)-polarized toward vacant cation sites in the octahedral sheet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Lithium and Potassium Absorption, Dehydroxylation Temperature, and Structural Water Content of Aluminous Smectites

Schultz

1969

Clays and clay miner.

171

105

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“…[47,48] The TGA method was applied in a nitrogen atmosphere to investigate the minerals present in the dust (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Organic Analysis Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass loss between 250 and 440 8C corresponded to dehydroxylation of goethite, the mass loss between 450 and 550 8C corresponded to dehydroxylation of kaolinite and the mass loss between 670 and 700 8C corresponded to calcium hydroxide being converted into calcium oxide. [47][48][49] This high organic content in the dust shows that agricultural soils from inland were possibly swept up during the dust storm. DTA displayed two sharp endothermic peaks at 163 and 588 8C, indicating a resemblance to montmorillonite.…”

Section: Organic Analysis Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual Sydney dust storm and its mineralogical and organic characteristics

et al. 2012

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Environmental context. In 2009, at the end of the longest drought period ever recorded in Australia, a major dust storm blanketed the cities of Sydney and Brisbane for more than 24 h. The source of the dust was inner New South Wales and South Australia, where large scale open-cut mining occurs together with agricultural practices. We report results of extensive mineralogical and chemical analyses of the dust, and discuss their significance in terms of the dust origins and potential human health risks.Abstract. In a 24-h period from 23 to 24 September 2009, a dust storm passed over Sydney, Australia that produced a red sky and reduced the visibility to a few metres. It was Sydney's worst dust storm since 1942. During this period, the PM 10 (particles measuring 10 mm or less) value jumped from 50 to 11 800 mg m À3 . The dust storm was sampled and its mineralogical and organic contents were analysed. Four major particle sizes (0.6, 4.5, 9.3 and 20 mm) were observed in the dust. A multimodal particle distribution indicated a long range of dust transport. Mineralogical analysis showed that the particles were mainly composed of crustal elemental oxides of Al and Si. The ratio of Al/Si was 0.39 and the organic content was 10.6 %, which was found to be enriched with humic-type substances. The high Al/Si ratio (.0.3) indicated that the dust originated from desert land whereas the high organic content indicated that the particles were also derived from eroded agricultural land. A fluorescence spectroscopic study on the organic matter at excitation and emission wavelengths of 245-265 and 330-350 nm indicated that biohazardous substances were unlikely to be present in the dust.

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“…It is used to evaluate material stability, to monitor the conditions under which certain phenomena occur, to define the kinetic parameters of the processes, and to determine the effects of additives on the properties of the materials. Thermogravimetric analysis has found applications in many specific disciplines, ranging across the fields of food chemistry (Šárka et al, 2009;Rey et al, 1988), polymer chemistry (Pommerenke, 2008), characterization of the properties of explosives (Hentze and Krien, 1986), biochemistry (Olafsson and Bryan, 1970;Rodríguez-Méndez et al 1988), mineralogy (Emmerich and Smykatz-Kloss, 2002;Mielenz et al, 1953) and others. The method is a good tool for the evaluation of decontamination processes that involve heating of contaminated solid materials (Kubal and Hendrych, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogravimetric analysis as significant tool for suitability assessment of solid waste destined for processing by thermal desorption

Hendrych

Kubal²,

Ederová³

2014

Global NEST Journal

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Thermogravimetric analysis combined with a mass spectroscopy detector was used to study the thermal stability of solid materials earmarked for processing by thermal desorption (for example during the amelioration of environmental damage). The objective of the study was to verify the applicability of thermogravimetric analysis as a simple and fast tool capable of providing basic information about the behavior of a particular solid material during its heating to a given temperature. Samples of materials representing the spectrum of solids customarily treated during environmental remediation (soils, bricks, and concrete) were used as the model solid matrices. The measurements demonstrated a high informative power of thermogravimetric analysis, which may help predict many technologically important aspects of the thermal desorption process.

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Thermogravimetric Analysis of Clay and Clay-Like Minerals

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Lithium and Potassium Absorption, Dehydroxylation Temperature, and Structural Water Content of Aluminous Smectites

Lithium and Potassium Absorption, Dehydroxylation Temperature, and Structural Water Content of Aluminous Smectites

Unusual Sydney dust storm and its mineralogical and organic characteristics

Thermogravimetric analysis as significant tool for suitability assessment of solid waste destined for processing by thermal desorption

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