Thermoelectric Power of Cold-Rolled Pure Copper

Abstract

IN VACUUM 617 negligible effect on the results. 23 In addition, the reproducibility of the work function of the iron suggests that a single-crystal plane is probably exposed by cleavage.The exact agreement between the results reported here and those of Riviere 10 must be considered fortuitous. 23 Even if the work function of 5% of the surface differed by 0.5 electron volt from the rest of the surface, it would change the measured work function by only 0.03 electron volt. For further discussion of the patch effect see C. Herring and M. H. Nichols, Revs. Modern Phys. 21, 185 (1949).The exposed planes on a film evaporated on a cold glass substrate cannot be expected to be the same as those on a cleaved surface.The difference between the thermoelectric power of severely cold-rolled and well annealed pure copper has been measured between about 8°K and 320°K. The absolute thermoelectric power of our annealed and cold-worked samples were determined over the same temperature range by measuring the thermoelectric power of a thermocouple formed from annealed pure copper and pure lead. The thermoelectric power of cold-rolled copper is positive relative to annealed pure copper over the entire temperature range, and the effect of cold work is largest at very low temperatures where the thermoelectric power of annealed copper displays a pronounced minimum. Our results are in fair agreement with recent work by Powell and by van Ooijen.

Temperature anomalies of the resistivity and thermopower of polycrystalline copper subjected to plastic deformation

“…10, where the rolling of copper had a substantial influence on the phonon drag effect. This effect was mentioned back in Ref.…”

The influence of intensive plastic deformation on thermopower low-temperature peak and resistivity of polycrystalline copper

“…5, at a temperature of 40 K a change in the sign of absolute TEP of copper, and then a pronounced minimum at 10 K, are observed. The nature of the minimum has not been fully elucidated, although it is known 5 that its value is very sensitive to minor impurities and deformations.…”

A TIEMF model and some implications for ITER magnetic diagnostics

“…The second one is that the underlying physical cause is a local change of the Seebeck coefficient. It is well known that impurities (see [9] as example) and extended defects caused by stress change its value by magnitudes comparable to the ones measured [12,13]. Therefore with these promising and reasonable assumptions a simple model can be set.…”